Leadership and Entrepreneurship Flashcards
What is Thomas Carlyle’s Great Man Theory?
Leadership is based on natural attributes; great men are born, not made, and rise to lead in critical situations.
According to Carlyle, what are the key aspects of leadership?
Identity, attributes, psychological traits, and the ability to magnetically lead others.
What is the socio-cultural paradigm of leadership?
Leadership is about relationships, vision, and how a leader manifests that vision to gain followers.
What is the difference between technical work and adaptive work?
Technical work: Solving known problems with known solutions (management).
Adaptive work: Addressing uncertain problems by creating new solutions (leadership).
What are the five main leadership styles in the psychoanalytical framework?
Authoritarian (Autocratic): Centralised control (e.g., Donald Trump).
Participative (Democratic): Inclusive decision-making (e.g., Nelson Mandela).
Delegative (Laissez-Faire): Hands-off approach (e.g., Rupert Murdoch).
Transactional (Managerial): Focus on structure and rewards.
Transformational (Visionary): Inspires and motivates change (e.g., Gandhi).
What is servant leadership?
A leadership style where the leader goes beyond expectations, doing as much as physically possible for their team.
What are the six leadership attributes identified by House et al. (2004)?
Team-oriented – Builds a common purpose.
Self-protective – Ensures safety and security.
Participative – Involves others in decisions.
Humane – Shows compassion and generosity.
Autonomous – Values independence and individuality.
Charismatic – Visionary, inspirational, and persuasive
How does a charismatic leader influence others?
Through magnetism, making people feel compelled to engage, often by creating a common enemy to unite followers.
What is a leader’s role from a strategic outlook?
To get people to do what they want within a hierarchical structure.
What does Kouzes and Posner (2002) say about a leader’s role?
A leader is instrumental in mobilising support for organisational goals.
According to Harrison et al. (2020), what is a key leadership ability?
The ability to influence those around them.
How do Burns (1978) and Yukl (2010) define a leader?
Someone who guides others using interpersonal or social means.
What does Schnieder et al. (2012) identify as a key leadership function?
Overcoming resistance.
What is a simple way to gain someone’s favour as a leader?
Make them feel important.
What are the two endpoints of the Conscientiousness trait dimension?
Organized, Careful, Disciplined ↔ Disorganized, Careless, Impulsive
What are the two endpoints of the Agreeableness trait dimension?
Soft-hearted, Trusting, Helpful ↔ Ruthless, Suspicious, Uncooperative
What are the two endpoints of the Neuroticism (emotional stability vs. instability) trait dimension?
Calm, Secure, Self-satisfied ↔ Anxious, Insecure, Self-pitying
What are the two endpoints of the Openness trait dimension?
Imaginative, Preference for variety, Independent ↔ Practical, Preference for routine, Conforming
What are the two endpoints of the Extraversion trait dimension?
Sociable, Fun-loving ↔ Retiring, Sober
In terms of trait dimensions, what makes a good leader?
Need to be high on each trait dimension
According to Charbonneau (2001), what are the key components of leadership effectiveness?
Idealised influence (charisma): Inspires others through personality and vision, prompting extra effort.
Inspirational motivation: Clearly articulates shared goals and vision, motivating followers.
Intellectual stimulation: Encourages innovation and creativity.
Individual consideration: Creates a supportive work environment that recognises individual differences.
What is “idealised influence” in leadership?
The ability to inspire others through personality and vision, prompting followers to exert extra effort.
What is “inspirational motivation” in leadership?
The ability to clearly articulate shared goals and vision, providing inspiration and motivation to followers.
What is “intellectual stimulation” in leadership?
Encouraging innovation and creativity from followers.
What is “individual consideration” in leadership?
Creating a supportive work environment that recognises individual differences
How do leaders emerge according to the concept of opportunism?
Leaders emerge by taking advantage of opportunities, e.g., Hitler.
How does personality relate to leadership?
It reflects who a leader is and what they convey, often acting as a “mask” that may or may not be authentic.
Why is aesthetic labour important for political leaders?
It ensures that competency is not questioned, as people see themselves reflected in their leaders.
How has psychology-based research contributed to understanding entrepreneurial success?
By moving beyond traits and focusing on personal characteristics as predictors of success (Baum et al., 2007).
How does culture influence leadership?
Leadership should reflect cultural heritage, norms, and identity.
From which perspective is most leadership theory founded?
Western perspective.
What are subcultures in leadership?
Different generations with varying opinions and perceptions, shaping their leadership paradigms.
What defines an entrepreneur in leadership?
Doing things differently, deconstructing and reconstructing leadership styles, and being opportunistic with a personal vision
What is entrepreneurial leadership according to Schumpeter (1934)?
Doing something new by successfully executing a vision.
Not “finding” or “creating” new possibilities.
Adopting fluid economic positions.
Not requiring people or mass followship.
Being anti-rational and not political.
How does Greenberg et al. (2011) define entrepreneurial leadership?
A unique business worldview and decision-making logic distinct from traditional leadership and entrepreneurship.
What is organisational entrepreneurship?
A constant tendency to initiate and implement incremental innovations internally and externally.
