Leadership - 9 Flashcards
Leadership
The influence (impact) that particular individuals exert on the goal achievement of others in an organizational context
2 Major Tasks of Leaders
What is leadership?
- Managing those around them to get the day to day tasks done (Low GNS)
- True leaders inspire others to do the extraordinary (High GNS)
Ultimate leaders do both
Kouzes & Posner Quote
“The art of mobilizing others to want to struggle for shared aspirations”
Notion of being “art”
Warren Buffet Quote
“There are 3 things required for success; integrity, intelligence and energy. If you are missing the first, the other two will kill you”
Main Type of Leaders
Formal
Informal
Formal Leader
You have a legitimate place in the chain of command
You were assigned the role
You’re expected to influence
Informal Leader
They don’t have formal authority but are well liked and respected
Idea of Managing vs Leading
Role of the leader and manager are not the same
According to Drucker Difference between managing and leading
Managing is doing the things right
Leading is doing the right things (triple bottom line things)
Is it possible to be a manager yet not have influence?
Yes
Managers can do things like delegate but not truly motivate ppl
Transactional Leadership Style
Motivating by exchanging rewards for services
Transformational Leadership Style
Creates a vision and inspires employees to strive beyond required
Behaviours of Transformational
Transformational Leadership Style
Arouse intense feelings
Intellectual stimulation
Inspirational motivation
Rely on personal sources of power
Individualized consideration
Charisma
Charisma
Ability to command strong loyalty and devotion from followers and thus have the potential for strong influence among them
The 4 Boxes
- Transformational Leaders
- Fiedler’s Contingency Model
- Initiating Consideration & Structure
- House’s Pat-Goal Model & Vroom Jago’s Model
What boxes are universal leaders
Box 1 & 2
They are leaders because of something enduring about their traits
What boxes are situation contingent leaders
Box 3 & 4
Trait
Universal Leader Influence
You were born this way; physical attributes, personality characteristics
What are the Universal Trait Approaches
Belief that certain individuals are destined to be leaders regardless of the situation
Traits associated with leadership effectiveness
Limitations of the trait approach
Leadership Categorization Theory
What is “Belief that certain individuals are destined to be leaders regardless of the situation” about
There are people who were born to be leaders
Traits associated with leadership effectiveness is….
Highly associated with charisma
Limitations of the trait approach
“Great Person approach”
Leadership Categorization Theory
“Something special” that people don’t have.
What are the top 2 characteristics of a leader
Degree of conscientiousness
Extraversion
What is “Universal BEHAVIOR Approaches”
These approaches tell us which leader behaviors result in higher follower satisfaction and higher performance
What are the 2 Universal Behaviour Approaches
Initiating Structure (Task Leader)
Initiating Consideration
True leaders need to have both
Initiating Structure (Task Leader)
The degree to which a leader concentrates on goal attainment.
Concerned with accomplishing a task by organizing, planning and dividing labour
Sounds like school 1 but we need this
Make sure work schedules are in place
Initiating Consideration (Social-emotional leader)
The extent to which a leader is approachable and shows personal concern for employees
Concerned about reducing tension, resolving disagreements and maintaining morale
Leader-reward behaviour
Good at throwing tangible benefits to get you to behave a certain way
Fiedler’s Contingency Model
The association between leadership orientation and group effectiveness is contingent on how favorable the situation is for exerting influence
What’s the name of Fred Fiedler’s Scale?
Least Prefered Co-Worker Scale
LPC
What is LPC
A scale that shows a leader’s effectiveness in a situation.
It asks a current or past co-worker with whom a leader has had a difficult time accomplishing a task
High LPC Traits
Low LPC Traits
Low : Not very humanistic, more task oriented
High : More relationship oriented
What does “measure the mess” mean?
Measure the situation
3 main ideas of Situational Favourableness
Fiedler’s Contingency Model
Leader-member relations
Task structure
Position power
Leader-member relations
Situational Favourableness
Extent to which trust & respect the leader will easily foolow his instructions
Task Structure
Situational Favourableness
Degree to which a task is clearl specified as opposed to unstructured & ambiguous
Position power
Situational Favourableness
Extent to which leader has official power or official ability to influence others in a desired direction because of where they are in the hierarchy
What is the Contingency Behaviour Approach
House’s Path-Goal Model
What is the House’s Path-Goal Model
This model is concerned with the situations under which various leader behaviours are most effective
What are the 4 Leadership Behaviour
House’s Path-Goal Model
Directive Behaviour
Supportive Behaviour
Participative Behaviour
Achievement-oriented Behaviour
Directive Behaviour
School 1
U let subordinates know what you expect them to do
U give specific and detailed guidance on what to do and how u are scheduling work, setting standards for performance
High power distance
Initiating structure typed behaviour
Supportive behaviour
U show regular concern on the wellbeing of ur people
U treat ppl w approable style
High levels of approachability and problem solving
Helpful w resources
Ur there for them “ive got ur back”
Participative Behaviour
School 3
Human Resources
Consultive/joint problem solving
Involving people
Fostering autonomy
Handing decision making to ppl who know best
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Achievement-oriented behaviour
Setting challenging goals
Goal setting theory principles
Thermostat Analogy
Getting u to reach for the stars
Incredible confidence in ppl
“I’m going to get u to where u wanna be”
What are the 2 Situational Factors
How do you measure the situation?
Employee Characteristics
Environmental Factors
3 Employee Characteristics
Situational Factors House Path-Goal Model
Level of authoritarianism
Locus of control
Level of ability
What is meant by level of authoritarianism
Situational Factors House Path-Goal Model
Similar to self determination theory, just about the job
Locus of Control
Situational Factors House Path-Goal Model
General state, they are internal drivers towards job/life
Level of ability
Situational Factors House Path-Goal Model
Are you walking into an environment w ppl who’ve been there for a long time or brand new ppl, u need to measure demographics
What are the 2 environmental Factors
Situational Factors House Path-Goal Model
Nature of Task
Formal authority
What is meant by Nature of Task
Situational Factors House Path-Goal Model
Is nature of task highly unstructured/ambiguous or walking into something that is clear/structured
What is meant by formal authority
Situational Factors House Path-Goal Model
Are you walking into an env that is lean/loosely structured hierarchy or not loose structured
What are the 3 outcomes when proper matching has occured?
Job satisfaction is high
Increased acceptance of the leader
People put in more effort
What is Participative Leadership
Involving employees in making work-related decisions
School 3 Behaviour
Advantages of Participative Leadership
Contingency Behaviour Approaches
Motivation
Quality
Acceptance
Motivation: Low GNS would not want to participate
Quality : Properly matched, increases quality of work
Acceptance : More likely to become devoted, more likely to be accountable
Problems with Participative Leadership
Time and energy
Loss of power
Lack of receptivity or knowledge
Time & energy : Takes more effort for a participative style
Loss of power : Participative leader has to accept this loss of power, due to allocation
Lack of ceptivity or knowledge : Be careful who u are participative w, as they may not accept it
Vroom and Jago’s Situational Model of Participative Leadership
Specifies when leaders sould use participation and to what extent should use it
What is the Vroom Range
A1, A2, C1, C2, G2
What is A, C and G in Vroom’s Range
Autocratic
Consultive
Group
Positive Leadership
Leadership that focuses on leader behaviours and interpersonal dynamics that increase followers’ confidence and result in positive outcomes beyond task compliance
Leadership Effectiveness Equation
Leader Effectiveness = L1 + L2+GM + S
(Leader Traits+Leader Behaviours+Group Member Characteristics+Situation)
