Leadership Flashcards
Situational Leadership: What is it?
A model for developing individuals over time, so they can reach their highest level of performance on a specific goal or task.
Situational Leadership: Purpose
- Open up communication
- Help others develop competence and commitment
- Teach others how to provide their own direction and support
- Value and honor differences
Situational Leadership: Goal
Helping individuals become self-motivated and self-directed
Situational Leadership: 3 skills of a situational leader:
- Diagnosis of development level:
Assessing an individuals need for direction and support - Flexibility:
Using a variety of leadership styles comfortably - Partner for performance - Reaching agreements on what the leader and the individual need from each other as they work together
Situational Leadership: Diagnosis of development level -> Competence and Commitment
Competence: The individuals demonstrated task-specific and transferable knowledge and skills on a goal or task.
Commitment: The individuals motivation and confidence on a goal or task
Situational Leadership: Diagnosis of development level -> 5 key diagnosis questions:
- What is the specific goal or task?
- How good are the individuals demonstrated task knowledge and skills on the goal or task?
- How strong or good are the individuals transferable skills?
- How motivated, interested, or enthusiastic is the individual?
- How confident or self-assured is the individual?
Situational Leadership: Flexibility -> 4 leadership styles for situational leadership:
- Directing – specific direction about goals, provide frequent feedback
- Coaching – leader explains why, gives suggestions
- Supporting – leader and individual make decisions together; support and encourage
- Delegating – leader empowers the individual to act independently
Situational Leadership: Partnering for performance -> steps in partnering for performance:
- Get agreement on SMART goals
- Get agreement on diagnosis of development
- Get agreement on current and future leadership style
- Get agreement on appropriate leadership behaviors for each goal
- Get agreement on how and how often you will stay in touch
Situational Leadership: The 4 Ds
- D1 - Enthusiastic Beginner
Low competence - high commitment - D2 - Disillusioned Learner
Low to some competence - low commitment - D3 - Capable but Cautious, Performer
Moderate to high competence - variable commitment - D4 - Self-Reliant Achiever
High Competence - high commitment
Situational Leadership: The 4 Ss
Style 1 - Directing
High directive behaviour and low supportive behaviour
specific direction about goals, provide frequent feedback
Style 2 - Coaching
High directive behaviour and high supportive behaviour
leader explains why, gives suggestions
Style 3 - Supporting
Low directive behaviour and high supportive behaviour
leader and individual make decisions together; support and encourage
Style 4 - Delegating
Low directive behaviour and low supportive behaviour
leader empowers the individual to act independently
If the individuals development level is D1, leadership style should be S1
Positive Leadership: What is it?
To show leaders positive leadership strategies that can be used to create positively deviant performance in their organizations. Create a positive environment.
Positive Leadership: encourages leaders to:
- Enable positively deviant performance
- Create affirmative emphasis in the organization
- Create a virtous focus
Positive Leadership: considers the following:
- What uplifts organizations and what challenges them
- What works well, and not well
- What is rewarding, what disappointing
- What is effective, what not
- What is inspirational
Positive Leadership: 4 strategies within positive leadership
- Positive Climate
- Positive Relationships
- Positive Communication
- Positive Meaning
Positive Leadership: 4 strategies within positive leadership -> Positive Climate
We need a positive environment => positive performance. Communicate, engage, become aware of what is happening.
Positive Leadership: 4 strategies within positive leadership -> Positive Relationships
positive leaders need to encourage and poster positive relationships through building positive energy and networks and reinforcing individuals strengths.
Hormonal System: positive relationships release oxytocin which lowers blood pressure, which results to the ability to manage stress better.
Cardiovascular System: positive relationships lower blood pressure, which lowers systolic and diastolic heart rates which result in a cardiovascular system that work less when encountering stress.
Immune System: positive relationships, increase the immune system which increases the overall health
Positive Leadership: 4 strategies within positive leadership -> Positive Communication
where supportive language replaces negative and critical language. Highly effective organizations provide more compliments and have different communication patterns than lower performing organizations.
Positive statements; express appreciation, support, helpful, compliment
Negative statements; criticize, provide disapproval, provide dissatisfaction
Positive Leadership: 4 strategies within positive leadership -> Positive Meaning
When people feel that their work is important, they are more likely to give it their best and be fully committed to getting the job done efficiently and correctly.
- Have positive impact on others
- Work must be associated with core individual values
- It must highlight the long-term impacts in will have
- Build a sense of community
Positive Leadership: Implementing Positive Strategies
- Clarify expectations, responsibilities, standards, and values
- Must happen early in the relationship
- Provides clarity
- Positive climate is determined
- Forms positive relationship
- Uses positive communication
- Make sure there are one on one meetings; occur monthly, accomplish specific objectives, coaching and developing opportunities
Transactional Leadership: What is it?
These kinds of leaders guide or motivated their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements.
Example; Coaches of athletic teams
Transformational Leadership: What is it?
Inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the organization and are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on their followers. They encourage their followers to be more innovative and creative.
Example; Steve Jobs
Transformational leaders are more effective because they themselves are more creative, but they are also more effective because they encourage those who follow them to be creative too.
Followers of transformational leaders are more likely to pursue ambitious goals, be familiar with and agree on the strategic goals of the organization.
Pay attention to the concerns and developmental needs of individual followers; they change followers awareness of issues by helping them to look at old problems in new ways.
It builds on top of transactional leadership and produces levels of follower effort and performance that go beyond what would occur with transactional leadership approach alone.
Transactional Leader vs. Transformational Leader
Transactional Leader:
- Contracts exchange of rewards for effort, promises rewards for good performance
- Intervenes only if standards are not met
- Avoids making decisions
Transformational Leader:
- Provides vision and sense of mission, gains respect and trust
- Communicates high expectations
- Careful problem solving
- Gives personal attention, coaches, advises
