Leaders, Followers, & Politics Flashcards
Behavioral Leadership
Leader Behaviors
In the 1940s trait leadership become unpopular. In it’s place leader’s behaviors were studied.
task-oriented leader behaviors: Structuring the roles of subordinates, providing them with instructions, and behaving in ways that will increase the performance of the group (also called initiating structure).
people-oriented leader behaviors: Showing concern for employee feelings and treating employees with respect (also called consideration).
Behavioral Leadership
Leader Decision Making
autocratic decision making: What occurs when leaders make the decision alone without necessarily involving employees in the decision-making process.
democratic decision making: What occurs when leaders and employees participate in the making of the decision.
laissez-faire decision making: What occurs when leaders leave employees alone to make the decision. The leader provides minimum guidance and involvement in the decision.
Contingency Leadership Styles
4 Leadership Styles
directive leaders: Leaders who provide specific directions to their employees. They lead employees by clarifying role expectations, setting schedules, and making sure that employees know what to do on a given work day.
supportive leaders: Leaders who provide emotional support to employees. They treat employees well, care about them on a personal level, and they are encouraging.
participative leaders: Those who make sure that employees are involved in the making of important decisions.
achievement-oriented leaders: Those who set goals for employees and encourage them to reach their goals.
Contemporary Leadership
Transformational Leadership
These are the most recent developments in leadership studies
transformational leaders: Those who lead employees by aligning employee goals with the leader’s goals. These leaders use their charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration to influence their followers.
transactional leaders: Those who ensure that employees demonstrate the right behaviors and provide resources in exchange. These leaders provide contingent rewards and manage by exception.
charisma: Behaviors leaders demonstrate that create confidence in, commitment to, and admiration for the leader.
trust: The belief that the other party will show integrity, fairness, and predictability in one’s actions toward the other.
Contemporary Leadership
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
Type of relationship that a leader has with followers is key to understanding how leaders influence employees.
high-quality LMX relationships: A high-quality, trust-based relationship between a leader and a follower.
low-quality LMX relationships: A situation in which the leader and the employee have lower levels of trust, liking, and respect toward each other.
Contemporary Leadership
Servant Leadership
A leadership approach that defines the leader’s role as serving the needs of others.
Leadership
Formal Leadership
Informal Leadership
leadership: The act of influencing others toward a goal.
formal leaders: Those who hold a position of authority and may utilize the power that comes from their position, as well as their personal power to influence others.
informal leaders: Those without a formal position of authority within the organization but demonstrate leadership by influencing those around them through personal forms of power.
Contemporary Leadership
Authentic Leadership Approach
A leadership approach advising leaders to stay true to their own values.
Contemporary Leadership
Abusive Leadership
A sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors toward employees.
Power
The ability to influence the behavior of others to get what you want.
Conformity
People’s tendencies to behave consistently with social norms.
Milgram Studies: People followed orders despite pain (fake) from “learner”.
Ash Studies: People conformed to the incorrect line length match due to peer pressure.
Relationship Between Dependency & Power
dependency: The more that a person or unit is dependent on you, the more power you have.
scarcity: In the context of dependency, refers to the uniqueness of a resource.
Importance: The value of the resource.
substitutability: One’s ability to find another option that works as well as the one offered.
Bases of Power
legitimate power: Power that comes from one’s organizational role or position.
reward power: The ability to grant a reward, such as an increase in pay, a perk, or an attractive job assignment.
coercive power: The ability to take something away or punish someone for noncompliance.
expert power: Power that comes from knowledge and skill.
information power: Power that comes from access to specific information.
referent power: Power that stems from the personal characteristics of the person such as the degree to which we like, respect, and want to be like them.
Logical Fallacies
Common errors in reasoning that undermine the logic of an argument.
Responses to Influence Attempts
resistance: Occurs when the influence target does not wish to comply with the request and either passively or actively repels the influence attempt.
compliance: Occurs when the target does not necessarily want to obey, but they do.
commitment: Occurs when the target not only agrees to the request but also actively supports it as well.
