Leacture 2 Flashcards
What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in methane?
sp3-hybridized carbon atom
What is the bond angle of methane?
109.5°
What are conformational isomers?
Isomers that differ by their rotation around a single bond
Can conformational isomers rotate freely around double and triple bonds?
No, they are locked in their orientation
What is a structural isomer?
Isomers with the same molecular formulas but different structures
What are stereoisomers?
Isomers with the same connectivity but different arrangements in three-dimensional space
What are cis-trans isomers?
Stereoisomers with the same bonding order but different spatial arrangements
What is chirality?
The property of a molecule having non-superimposable mirror images
What defines geometric isomers?
Rigid structure preventing free rotation around a bond
What are enantiomers?
Optical isomers that are mirror images of each other
What is a chiral center?
A tetrahedral carbon attached to four different substituents
What is a lead compound?
A molecule with potential therapeutic value as a starting point for drug development
What is a pharmacophore?
The group of atoms in a drug responsible for its action
What is an analogue in chemistry?
A chemical compound structurally similar to another but differing slightly in composition
What are the general steps in drug discovery?
- Identify disease target
- Assess biochemical processes
- Determine structure of lead
- Determine synthetic pathway
- Initial biological testing
- Synthesis of analogues
- Selection of optimum analogue
