LE2 - Blood and Hematopoiesis, Nervous Tissue and Nervous System, Muscle Tissues and Lymphatic Tissue Flashcards
- Identify the cell.
Neutrophil
- Which layer of the centrifuged blood is it found?
Buffy Coat
- Identify the tissue.
RED BONE MARROW, BONE MARROW
What growth factor facilitates its differentiation?
THROMBOPOIETIN
Megakaryocyte and red cell production
- Identify the RBC stage
ORTHOCHROMATOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST
PB-PORE
Erythropoiesis: Proerythroblast, Basophilic Erythroblast, Polychromatic Erythroblast; Ortochromic Erythroblast,Reticulocyte, Erythrocyte.
**
o Proerythroblast:
▪ Earliest identifiable precursor of RBC; Cells are large; (+) Nucleoli; Basophilic Cytoplasm; Cells are Mitotic (Undergo cellular division; Actively producing RNA → Basophilic Cytoplasm).
o Basophilic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller than erythroblast; (-) Nucleoli (Nucleolus disappeared); Intensely Basophilic cytoplasm because of Ribosomes. Stops RNA Production, reached the peak.
o Polychromatic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller than its precursor; Condensed Checkerboard Nucleus (Nucleus starts to condense in not uniform manner; “Checkerboard Appearance”); Gray-Green Cytoplasm because of hemoglobin accumulation (Hemoglobin Begins to Rise + Ribosomes = Gray-Green). Observable Hemoglobin Stages. As long there are RNA, it is followed by hemoglobin synthesis.
o Orthochromic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller Pyknotic Nucleus (Nucleus is uniformly condensed; About to extruded out; “Small Condensed Nucleus); “Normoblast”; Last stage where nucleus is seen; Pink Cytoplasm due to hemoglobin accumulation.
o Reticulocyte:
▪ No Nucleus (Extruded out; “Absent Nucleus”); Pink-Orange with Bluish Hue (Due to Remaining Ribosomes); Reticular Network seen on Cresyl Blue (*Ribosomes in network like pattern);
▪ High Number: Indicative of Massive Chronic or Severe loss of blood.
▪ Low Number: Indicative of Suppression of BM; Chemotherapy, Aplastic Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Forms of Bone Malignancies. *Number in circulation is good indicator of BM activity.
- Identify the shape of the cells below
BICONCAVE DISC
A decrease in erythropoietin will suggest a disease in which organ?
KIDNEY
What blood cell is elevated in a patient with the picture below?
EOSINOPHIL
Identify the cell
LYMPHOCYTE
Give one function
ANTIBODY PRODUCTION,
IMMUNOLOGY, DESTROYS CANCER
CELLS, VIRUSES, TRANSPLANTS
Identify the “type” of muscle
STRIATED MUSCLE
Identify the “type” of muscle.
SMOOTH MUSCLE
Identify the “type” of muscle.
CARDIAC MUSCLE
Identify “marked” segment. (red bracket)
A BAND
Identify “marked” segment. (red bracket)
I BAND
Identify this segment of muscle innervation. (yellow circle)
MOTOR END PLATE
Identify this part of the cardiac conduction system. (yellow arrows)
PURKINJE FIBERS
Identify “marked” segment. (red brackets)
SARCOMERE
Identify pointed structure. (black arrows)
INTERCALATED DISCS
Identify this connective tissue covering. (black arrows)
PERIMYSIUM
Connective Tissue Coverings: Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium. *Subtype: Fibrous.
o Endomysium – Loose Connective Tissue; Covers individual myocytes.
o Perimysium – Dense Irregular Connective Tissue; Covers each muscle bundle or fascicle.
o Epimysium – Dense Irregular Connective Tissue; Covers the whole muscle.
Identify the structure pointed at. BE SPECIFIC.
AXON HILLOCK
Identify structures pointed.
AXON TERMINAL BUTTONS, TERMINAL BUTTONS,
SYNAPSES
Identify structure pointed at by the blue arrow.
OLIGODENDROCYTE
What are the stained cytoplasmic cell clumps?
NISSL BODIES
Identify structure pointed at.
SCHWANN CELL,
SCHWANN,
NEUROLEMMOCYTES
Identify pointed structures.
MYELIN SHEATHS,
MYELIN SHEATH
Identify structure pointed at by the yellow arrowhead labelled A
NODE OF RANVIER
Identify cells found in this image.
ASTROCYTES
Identify the cell pointed at by the black arrow.
OLIGODENDROCYTE,
OLIGODENDROCYTES
What type of neuron is C?
UNIPOLAR NEURON
A : Bipolar (Interneuron)
B : Multipolar (Motor Neuron)
C : Unipolar (Sensory Neuron)
What cells are pointed by what arrows?
PLASMA,
PLASMA CELLS,
PLASMA CELL
What cells are colored white?
ADIPOCYTES,
ADIPOSE,
ADIPOSE TISSUE CELLS,
ADIPOSE TISSUE
Identify the cell pointed
Adipocytes
Identify the cell
Proerythroblast
Erythropoiesis : PB-PORE
Erythropoiesis: Proerythroblast, Basophilic Erythroblast, Polychromatic Erythroblast; Ortochromic Erythroblast,Reticulocyte, Erythrocyte.
**
o Proerythroblast:
▪ Earliest identifiable precursor of RBC; Cells are large; (+) Nucleoli; Basophilic Cytoplasm; Cells are Mitotic (Undergo cellular division; Actively producing RNA → Basophilic Cytoplasm).
o Basophilic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller than erythroblast; (-) Nucleoli (Nucleolus disappeared); Intensely Basophilic cytoplasm because of Ribosomes. Stops RNA Production, reached the peak.
o Polychromatic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller than its precursor; Condensed Checkerboard Nucleus (Nucleus starts to condense in not uniform manner; “Checkerboard Appearance”); Gray-Green Cytoplasm because of hemoglobin accumulation (Hemoglobin Begins to Rise + Ribosomes = Gray-Green). *Observable Hemoglobin Stages. As long there are RNA, it is followed by hemoglobin synthesis.
o Orthochromic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller Pyknotic Nucleus (Nucleus is uniformly condensed; About to extruded out; “Small Condensed Nucleus); “Normoblast”; Last stage where nucleus is seen; Pink Cytoplasm due to hemoglobin accumulation.
o Reticulocyte:
▪ No Nucleus (Extruded out; “Absent Nucleus”); Pink-Orange with Bluish Hue (Due to Remaining Ribosomes); Reticular Network seen on Cresyl Blue (Ribosomes in network like pattern);
▪ High Number: Indicative of Massive Chronic or Severe loss of blood.
▪ Low Number: Indicative of Suppression of BM; Chemotherapy, Aplastic Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Forms of Bone Malignancies. *Number in circulation is good indicator of BM activity.
Identify the cell
Basophilic Erythroblast
Erythropoiesis : PB-PORE
Erythropoiesis: Proerythroblast, Basophilic Erythroblast, Polychromatic Erythroblast; Ortochromic Erythroblast,Reticulocyte, Erythrocyte.
**
o Proerythroblast:
▪ Earliest identifiable precursor of RBC; Cells are large; (+) Nucleoli; Basophilic Cytoplasm; Cells are Mitotic (Undergo cellular division; Actively producing RNA → Basophilic Cytoplasm).
o Basophilic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller than erythroblast; (-) Nucleoli (Nucleolus disappeared); Intensely Basophilic cytoplasm because of Ribosomes. Stops RNA Production, reached the peak.
o Polychromatic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller than its precursor; Condensed Checkerboard Nucleus (Nucleus starts to condense in not uniform manner; “Checkerboard Appearance”); Gray-Green Cytoplasm because of hemoglobin accumulation (Hemoglobin Begins to Rise + Ribosomes = Gray-Green). *Observable Hemoglobin Stages. As long there are RNA, it is followed by hemoglobin synthesis.
o Orthochromic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller Pyknotic Nucleus (Nucleus is uniformly condensed; About to extruded out; “Small Condensed Nucleus); “Normoblast”; Last stage where nucleus is seen; Pink Cytoplasm due to hemoglobin accumulation.
o Reticulocyte:
▪ No Nucleus (Extruded out; “Absent Nucleus”); Pink-Orange with Bluish Hue (Due to Remaining Ribosomes); Reticular Network seen on Cresyl Blue (Ribosomes in network like pattern);
▪ High Number: Indicative of Massive Chronic or Severe loss of blood.
▪ Low Number: Indicative of Suppression of BM; Chemotherapy, Aplastic Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Forms of Bone Malignancies. *Number in circulation is good indicator of BM activity.
Identify the cell
Polychromatic Erythroblast
Erythropoiesis : PB-PORE
Erythropoiesis: Proerythroblast, Basophilic Erythroblast, Polychromatic Erythroblast; Ortochromic Erythroblast,Reticulocyte, Erythrocyte.
**
o Proerythroblast:
▪ Earliest identifiable precursor of RBC; Cells are large; (+) Nucleoli; Basophilic Cytoplasm; Cells are Mitotic (Undergo cellular division; Actively producing RNA → Basophilic Cytoplasm).
o Basophilic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller than erythroblast; (-) Nucleoli (Nucleolus disappeared); Intensely Basophilic cytoplasm because of Ribosomes. Stops RNA Production, reached the peak.
o Polychromatic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller than its precursor; Condensed Checkerboard Nucleus (Nucleus starts to condense in not uniform manner; “Checkerboard Appearance”); Gray-Green Cytoplasm because of hemoglobin accumulation (Hemoglobin Begins to Rise + Ribosomes = Gray-Green). *Observable Hemoglobin Stages. As long there are RNA, it is followed by hemoglobin synthesis.
o Orthochromic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller Pyknotic Nucleus (Nucleus is uniformly condensed; About to extruded out; “Small Condensed Nucleus); “Normoblast”; Last stage where nucleus is seen; Pink Cytoplasm due to hemoglobin accumulation.
o Reticulocyte:
▪ No Nucleus (Extruded out; “Absent Nucleus”); Pink-Orange with Bluish Hue (Due to Remaining Ribosomes); Reticular Network seen on Cresyl Blue (Ribosomes in network like pattern);
▪ High Number: Indicative of Massive Chronic or Severe loss of blood.
▪ Low Number: Indicative of Suppression of BM; Chemotherapy, Aplastic Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Forms of Bone Malignancies. *Number in circulation is good indicator of BM activity.
Identify the cell
Orthochromic Erythroblast
Erythropoiesis : PB-PORE
Erythropoiesis: Proerythroblast, Basophilic Erythroblast, Polychromatic Erythroblast; Ortochromic Erythroblast,Reticulocyte, Erythrocyte.
**
o Proerythroblast:
▪ Earliest identifiable precursor of RBC; Cells are large; (+) Nucleoli; Basophilic Cytoplasm; Cells are Mitotic (Undergo cellular division; Actively producing RNA → Basophilic Cytoplasm).
o Basophilic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller than erythroblast; (-) Nucleoli (Nucleolus disappeared); Intensely Basophilic cytoplasm because of Ribosomes. Stops RNA Production, reached the peak.
o Polychromatic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller than its precursor; Condensed Checkerboard Nucleus (Nucleus starts to condense in not uniform manner; “Checkerboard Appearance”); Gray-Green Cytoplasm because of hemoglobin accumulation (Hemoglobin Begins to Rise + Ribosomes = Gray-Green). *Observable Hemoglobin Stages. As long there are RNA, it is followed by hemoglobin synthesis.
o Orthochromic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller Pyknotic Nucleus (Nucleus is uniformly condensed; About to extruded out; “Small Condensed Nucleus); “Normoblast”; Last stage where nucleus is seen; Pink Cytoplasm due to hemoglobin accumulation.
o Reticulocyte:
▪ No Nucleus (Extruded out; “Absent Nucleus”); Pink-Orange with Bluish Hue (Due to Remaining Ribosomes); Reticular Network seen on Cresyl Blue (Ribosomes in network like pattern);
▪ High Number: Indicative of Massive Chronic or Severe loss of blood.
▪ Low Number: Indicative of Suppression of BM; Chemotherapy, Aplastic Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Forms of Bone Malignancies. *Number in circulation is good indicator of BM activity.
Reticulocyte
Erythropoiesis: Proerythroblast, Basophilic Erythroblast, Polychromatic Erythroblast; Ortochromic Erythroblast,Reticulocyte, Erythrocyte.
**
o Proerythroblast:
▪ Earliest identifiable precursor of RBC; Cells are large; (+) Nucleoli; Basophilic Cytoplasm; Cells are Mitotic (Undergo cellular division; Actively producing RNA → Basophilic Cytoplasm).
o Basophilic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller than erythroblast; (-) Nucleoli (Nucleolus disappeared); Intensely Basophilic cytoplasm because of Ribosomes. Stops RNA Production, reached the peak.
o Polychromatic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller than its precursor; Condensed Checkerboard Nucleus (Nucleus starts to condense in not uniform manner; “Checkerboard Appearance”); Gray-Green Cytoplasm because of hemoglobin accumulation (Hemoglobin Begins to Rise + Ribosomes = Gray-Green). *Observable Hemoglobin Stages. As long there are RNA, it is followed by hemoglobin synthesis.
o Orthochromic Erythroblast:
▪ Smaller Pyknotic Nucleus (Nucleus is uniformly condensed; About to extruded out; “Small Condensed Nucleus); “Normoblast”; Last stage where nucleus is seen; Pink Cytoplasm due to hemoglobin accumulation.
o Reticulocyte:
▪ No Nucleus (Extruded out; “Absent Nucleus”); Pink-Orange with Bluish Hue (Due to Remaining Ribosomes); Reticular Network seen on Cresyl Blue (Ribosomes in network like pattern);
▪ High Number: Indicative of Massive Chronic or Severe loss of blood.
▪ Low Number: Indicative of Suppression of BM; Chemotherapy, Aplastic Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Forms of Bone Malignancies. *Number in circulation is good indicator of BM activity.
Myeloblast
Granulopoiesis (MPM-MBG) : BEN
myeloblast is the most immature recognizable cell in the myeloid series
Promyelocyte
Granulopoiesis (MPM-MBG) : BEN
o Promyelocyte:
▪ Earliest identifiable precursor; Cells are large; Large nucleus; Mitotically active; (+) Nucleoli; (+)
Purple Staining Azurophilic Non-Specific Granules (*Present in all granulocytes); *Round Nucleus.
▪ *Primary granules secreted in Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Zone)
Neurophilic Myelocyte
Granulopoiesis (MPM-MBG) : BEN
o Myelocyte:
▪ Wide range in cell size (Morphologically, large or small); Mitotically active.
▪ Frequently Indented Round Nucleus; (+) Purple Staining Azurophilic Non-Specific Granules; (+) Lilac-Staining Specific Granules (Neutrophil). *Stage with both non-specific & specific granules.
Neurophilic Metamyelocyte
Granulopoiesis (MPM-MBG) : BEN
o Metamyelocyte:
▪ Smaller; Flattened Nucleus (Nucleus becomes flattened); Primary granules start to disappear; (+)
Lilac Staining Specific Granules. *Golgi Apparatus reduced.
Neutrophil
Granulopoiesis (MPM-MBG) : BEN
o Promyelocyte:
▪ Earliest identifiable precursor; Cells are large; Large nucleus; Mitotically active; (+) Nucleoli; (+)
Purple Staining Azurophilic Non-Specific Granules (*Present in all granulocytes); *Round Nucleus.
▪ *Primary granules secreted in Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Zone)
o Myelocyte:
▪ Wide range in cell size (Morphologically, large or small); Mitotically active.
▪ Frequently Indented Round Nucleus; (+) Purple Staining Azurophilic Non-Specific Granules; (+) Lilac-Staining Specific Granules (Neutrophil). *Stage with both non-specific & specific granules.
o Metamyelocyte:
▪ Smaller; Flattened Nucleus (Nucleus becomes flattened); Primary granules start to disappear; (+)
Lilac Staining Specific Granules. *Golgi Apparatus reduced.
o Band:
▪ Horse-shoe Shaped Nucleus (Nucleus becomes horse-shoe shaped); (+) Lilac Staining Specific
Granules.
o *Granulocytes → Nucleus becomes segmented into lobes.
Eosinophil
Granulopoiesis (MPM-MBG) : BEN
o Promyelocyte:
▪ Earliest identifiable precursor; Cells are large; Large nucleus; Mitotically active; (+) Nucleoli; (+)
Purple Staining Azurophilic Non-Specific Granules (*Present in all granulocytes); *Round Nucleus.
▪ *Primary granules secreted in Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Zone)
o Myelocyte:
▪ Wide range in cell size (Morphologically, large or small); Mitotically active.
▪ Frequently Indented Round Nucleus; (+) Purple Staining Azurophilic Non-Specific Granules; (+) Lilac-Staining Specific Granules (Neutrophil). *Stage with both non-specific & specific granules.
o Metamyelocyte:
▪ Smaller; Flattened Nucleus (Nucleus becomes flattened); Primary granules start to disappear; (+)
Lilac Staining Specific Granules. *Golgi Apparatus reduced.
o Band:
▪ Horse-shoe Shaped Nucleus (Nucleus becomes horse-shoe shaped); (+) Lilac Staining Specific
Granules.
o *Granulocytes → Nucleus becomes segmented into lobes.
Basophil
Granulopoiesis (MPM-MBG) : BEN
o Promyelocyte:
▪ Earliest identifiable precursor; Cells are large; Large nucleus; Mitotically active; (+) Nucleoli; (+)
Purple Staining Azurophilic Non-Specific Granules (*Present in all granulocytes); *Round Nucleus.
▪ *Primary granules secreted in Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Zone)
o Myelocyte:
▪ Wide range in cell size (Morphologically, large or small); Mitotically active.
▪ Frequently Indented Round Nucleus; (+) Purple Staining Azurophilic Non-Specific Granules; (+) Lilac-Staining Specific Granules (Neutrophil). *Stage with both non-specific & specific granules.
o Metamyelocyte:
▪ Smaller; Flattened Nucleus (Nucleus becomes flattened); Primary granules start to disappear; (+)
Lilac Staining Specific Granules. *Golgi Apparatus reduced.
o Band:
▪ Horse-shoe Shaped Nucleus (Nucleus becomes horse-shoe shaped); (+) Lilac Staining Specific
Granules.
o *Granulocytes → Nucleus becomes segmented into lobes.
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Band Neutrophil
Granulopoiesis (MPM-MBG) : BEN
o Promyelocyte:
▪ Earliest identifiable precursor; Cells are large; Large nucleus; Mitotically active; (+) Nucleoli; (+)
Purple Staining Azurophilic Non-Specific Granules (*Present in all granulocytes); *Round Nucleus.
▪ *Primary granules secreted in Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Zone)
o Myelocyte:
▪ Wide range in cell size (Morphologically, large or small); Mitotically active.
▪ Frequently Indented Round Nucleus; (+) Purple Staining Azurophilic Non-Specific Granules; (+) Lilac-Staining Specific Granules (Neutrophil). *Stage with both non-specific & specific granules.
o Metamyelocyte:
▪ Smaller; Flattened Nucleus (Nucleus becomes flattened); Primary granules start to disappear; (+)
Lilac Staining Specific Granules. *Golgi Apparatus reduced.
o Band:
▪ Horse-shoe Shaped Nucleus (Nucleus becomes horse-shoe shaped); (+) Lilac Staining Specific
Granules.
o *Granulocytes → Nucleus becomes segmented into lobes.
Identify
Cerebral Cortex
Identify the 2 layers:
Molecular & Granular Layer
Cerebral Cortex
Parenchyma/Cell?
Pyramidal Cell
Identify the following?
A. Cerebral cortex,
B. Dura mater
C. Arachnoid mater
D. Pia mater
