Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ECE132 - Instrumentation and Control > LE2 > Flashcards

LE2 Flashcards

1
Q

It is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object’s interaction with another object.

A

Force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two categories of force?

A

↵

  • Contact forces
  • Forces resulting from action-at-a-distance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This force results when the two interacting objects are perceived to be physically contacting each other.

A

Contact forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This type of force results even when the two interacting objects are not in physical contact with each other, yet are able to exert a push or pull despite their physical separation.

A

Action-at-a-distance force

(Non-contact force)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give 6 examples of contact forces

A
  • Frictional force
  • Applied force
  • Spring force
  • Air resistance force
  • Normal force
  • Tension force
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give 3 examples of action-at-a-distance

A
  • Gravitational force
  • Electrical force
  • Magnetic force
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MEMS is an abbreviation of …

A

Microelectromechanical system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

It is made by bonding strain gauges to a spring material.

A

Load Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Strain gauges are placed on the part of the spring material where the strain will be the smallest.
TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the common metallic foil used for strain gauges?

A

Copper-Nickel alloy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the relationship between the strain and resistance?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

It converts the load or weight acting on it into electrical signals.

A

Load transducer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Strain gauges are load transducers.

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The spring element of the load cells is in the shape of the parallelogram configuration. This configuration is known to be …

A

Roberval Mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The position of the load or weights placed on a scale that uses Roberval mechanism is very important.

TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the phenomenon which the material is deformed linearly based on force?

A

Hooke’s Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the advantages of load cells?

A
  • Rugged and compact
  • No moving parts
  • Highly accurate
  • Wide range of measurement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the disadvantages of load cells?

A
  • Mounting is difficult
  • Calibration is hard
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 8 types of load cells?

A
  • Strain gauge
  • Hydraulic
  • Pneumatic
  • Inductive and reluctance-based
  • Magnetoelastic
  • Piezoelectric
  • Fibre-optic
  • Resonant wire
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common type of load cell?

A

Strain gauge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

These are force-balance devices, measuring weight as a change in pressure of the internal filling fluid. The liquid (usually oil) has a preload pressure.

A

Hydraulic load cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It also operate on force-balance principle. The force is applied to one side of a diaphragm of flexible material and balanced by pneumatic pressure on the other side.

A

Pneumatic load cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

These cells are based on the measurement of displacement of a ferromagnetic core caused to a force-summing device, like a diaphragm or bellows, by the applied force. The former changes the inductance of a solenoid coil due to the movement of its iron core while the latter changes the reluctance of a very small air gap.

A

Inductive and reluctance-based load cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This load cell is built from a stack of ferromagnetic laminations forming a load-bearing column. A set of primary and secondary transformer coils, oriented at 90o with each other, are wound through holes in the column.

A

Magnetoelastic load cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This load cell produces a charge proportional to the force component specific to it.

A

Piezoelectric load cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Like a wire strain gauge, a fibre-optic strain gauge can be fabricated using optical fibres. If this fibre-optic strain gauge is bonded to the elastic element of a load cell, an applied force will cause length changes in the optical fibre.

It uses monochromatic light to feed the gauges.

A

Fibre-optic load cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

It consists of a ferromagnetic wire that is excited into resonant transverse vibrations by a drive coil. A pick-up coil detects these vibrations. The resonant frequency is a measure of the tension of the wire and hence, applied force at that instant.

A

Resonant wire load cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

It is used to measure the differential pressure between two input points. It consists of a sensor, a transducer and a transmitter combined in a single device.

A

Differential pressure cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the working principle of the differential pressure cell?

A

In DP cell a diaphragm is present which remains in normal condition when the forces on both sides of the diaphragm are equal. The unequal forces (pressure difference) create deformation in the diaphragm. By the extent of deformation, the differential pressure is calculated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the two main types of DP cells?

A
  • Pneumatic DP cell
  • Electronic DP cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

It is the ratio of force to the area over which that force is distributed perpendicularly

A

Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

It is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure

A

Gauge pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the unit of pressure and the scientist it was named after?

A

Pascal ; Blaise pascal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

It is the force per unit area exerted on a surface by the weight of air above that surface in the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet

A

Atmospheric pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the formulas of pressure?

A

P = F/A

P = ρgh

where:

ρ - density of liquid

g - gravitational acceleration

h - depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

It is the gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure.

A

Absolute pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

It derives pressure by the combination of a height differential of a liquid column and the density of the fluid within the liquid column.

A

Manometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the different types of manometers?

A
  • U-tube
  • Inclined tube
  • Well type
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Fr this type of manometer, the pressure is always the height of fluid from one surface to the other regardless of the shape or size of the tubes

A

U-tube manometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

This type of the manometer tube is used for applications where accurate measurements of low pressure such as drafts and very low differential is required.

A

Inclined tube manometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

For this type of the manometer tube, the pressure is applied to a fluid well attached to a single indicating tube. as fluid moves down the well, the fluid is displaced into the smaller indicating leg of the manometer.

A

Well type manometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

It is an instrument used to measure linear, non-linear, mass or volumetric flow rate of a liquid or gas

A

Flow meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

It states that an increase in velocity of the fluid increases its kinetic energy and decreases its static energy. Therefore, restricting flow causes an increase in flowing velocity and also a drop in the static pressure.

A

Bernoulli principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the 5 reasons for flow metering?

A
  • Plant control, for product quality and safety reasons.
  • Custody transfer, both interplant and selling to outside customers.
  • Filling of containers, stock tanks and transporters.
  • Energy, mass balancing for costing purpose and health monitoring of heat exchangers.
  • Health monitoring of pipelines and on-line analysis equipment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

It is defined as the volume of material passing a fixed point per unit of time, where the material is solid, liquid, or gas.

It has a formula of:
Q = V x A

where:

V – velocity of the fluid

A – cross-sectional area of the pipe

A

Flow rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the formula for the rate of flow meter?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What the formula for the instantaneous flow rate?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are the 2 different kinds of fluid flows?

A
  • Laminar flow
  • Turbulent flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The fluid flow is rather smoothly parallel to the walls of the pipe. There is a linear relationship between the flow and pressure drop. It means very low flow rates and highly viscous fluids.

A

Laminar flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Fluid flow is down the pipe but swirling within the flow. The pressure drop across a restriction is proportional to the square of the flow rate.

A

Turbulent flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What are the two broad categories of flow sensors?

A
  • Intrusive
  • Non-intrusive
52
Q

These are flow sensors that disturb the flow of the fluid that they are measuring

A

Intrusive flow sensors

53
Q

These are flow sensors that do not disturb the flow of the fluid that they are measuring

A

Not-intrusive flow sensors

54
Q

What are the measurement methods of flow classifications?

A
  • Differential
  • Velocity
  • Displacement
  • Mass
55
Q

In this measurement method, the flow rate is determined by calculating the pressure difference (or pressure drop) as the final fluid flows through an obstruction such as an orifice plate

A

Differential measurement method

56
Q

In this measurement method, the flow rate is determined based on the velocity of the fluid as it passes through a turbine

A

Velocity measurement method

57
Q

In this measurement method, the flow rate is determined by measuring all the fluid used (VOLUME)

A

Displacement measurement method

58
Q

In this measurement method, the flow rate is determined based on the total volume of the fluid that passes through the sensor

A

Mass measurement method

59
Q

What are the three types of flow meters?

A
  • Differential pressure meters
  • Rotary meters
  • Electrical flow meters
60
Q

This type of flow meter has no moving parts, and it creates a pressure difference on either side of the device.

State the 4 kinds of this flow meter

A

Differential pressure flow meters

  • Flow nozzle
  • Dall flow tube
  • Orifice plate
  • Venturi tube
61
Q

What is the disadvantage of differential pressure flow meters?

A

The obstruction causes a permanent loss of pressure in the flowing fluid

62
Q

It is a type of differential flow meter where a metal disc with a concentric hole through it, placed in the flow

A

Orifice plate

63
Q

It is a differential flow meter similar to the orifice but has better performance. Has a precision-engineered tube of a special shape, constricts the flow in some fashion and pressure sensors measures the differential pressure before and within the constriction.

A

Venturi differential pressure flow meter

64
Q

It is a differential flow meter and it consists of two conical reducers inserted into the fluid-carrying pipe. It has a very similar internal shape to the Venturi, except that it lacks a throat

A

Dall flow tube differential pressure flow meter

65
Q

Only gives the visual indication of flow rate, not used in automatic control. It consist of a tapered glass tube containing a float which takes up a stable position where its submerged weight is balanced by the upthrust due to the differential pressure across it

A

Rotameter

66
Q

It is a common type of positive displacement flow meter. It consists of a slotted cylindrical piston moving cylindrical working chamber that has an inlet port and an outlet port. A peg on top of the piston causes a reciprocating motion of a lever attached to it, this is made to operate a counter

A

Rotary piston meter

67
Q

Consists of a multi-bladed wheel mounted in a pipe along an axis parallel to the direction of fluid flow in the pipe

A

Turbine meters

68
Q

What are the 3 different electrical flow meters?

clue: E V U

A
  • Electromagnetic
  • Vortex-Shedder
  • Ultrasonic
69
Q

This electrical flow meter is used for conductive fluids.

A

Electromagnetic

70
Q

Who discovered vortex-shedding e-flow meter?

What is the working principle of vortex-shedding?

A

Theodore von Karman

71
Q

This type of electrical flow meter is useful for measuring flow of corrosive fluids and slurries. Can be clamped externally onto existing pipe work rather than being inserted as an integral part of the flow line (safety advantage)

A

Ultrasonic

72
Q

Two types of ultrasonic flow meter

A
  • Doppler shift
  • Transit time
73
Q

It is a measure of how much a force acting on an object causes that object to rotate.

A

Torque

74
Q

What is the formula of torque?

A

T = rFsin(Ø)

75
Q

It is a device for measuring and recording the torque on a rotating system, such as an engine, crankshaft, gearbox, transmission, rotor, a bicycle crank or Cap Torque Tester. Static torque is relatively easy to measure.

A

Torque sensor or torque transducer or torque meter

76
Q

The torque meter uses strain gauges to measure the torque.

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

77
Q

It is a device for measuring force, moment of force (torque), or power.

A

Dynamometer

78
Q

What are the 3 classifications of dynamometer?

A
  • Driving dynamometer
  • Passive dynamometer
  • Active dynamometer
79
Q

It is a dynamometer that is used to determine the torque and power required to operate a driven machine such as a pump.

A

Driving dynamometer

80
Q

It is a dynamometer that is designed to be driven.

A

Passive dynamometer

81
Q

It is a dynamometer that can either drive or absorb.

A

Active dynamometer

82
Q

The dynamometer has a “braking” torque regulator.

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

83
Q

What is the formula for the power in dynamometers?

A

P =* *Torque x angular velocity

P = F x V

84
Q

What is the formula for power in dynamometer in terms of hp?

A
85
Q

What is the formula for power in dynamometer in terms of kW?

A
86
Q

Who introduced horsepower and invented the steam engine?

A

James Watt

87
Q

What is the device used to measure temperature above 500°C?

A

Pyrometer

88
Q

What is the device used to measure temperature below 500°C?

A

Thermometer

89
Q

What are the 3 temperature transducers?

A

↵

  • Thermocouple
  • RTD
  • Thermistor
90
Q

This temperature measurement device uses the Seebeck effect that occurs when 2 different metals are joined at two junctions and held at two different temperatures.

A

Thermocouple

91
Q

These are temperature sensors that exploit the predictable change in electrical resistance of some materials with changing temperature.

Positive temperature coefficient

A

RTD

92
Q

What is the main type of wire used in RTDs?

A

Platinum

93
Q

Special type of resistance sensor made from a small piece of semiconductor material.

Negative temperature coefficient.

It is highly sensitive and non-linear

A

Thermistors

94
Q

What are the 10 applications of temperature sensors?

A
  • Monitoring
  • Portable Equipment
  • CPU Temperature
  • Battery Temperature
  • Ambient Temperature
  • Compensation
  • Thermocouple Cold-Junction Compensation
  • Control
  • Battery Charging
  • Process Control
95
Q

This temperature measuring device is filled with either a liquid such as mercury or an evaporating fluid. Any rise in temperature produces expansion or evaporation of the liquid so the sensor becomes pressurized

A

Thermometers

96
Q

In glass thermometers, Mercury is used for hot temperatures and colored alcohol for cold temperatures.

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

97
Q

This temperature measurement device is composed of two different metals joined together along its length. The two metals are sometimes configured as spiral or helix for compactness

A

Bimetallic thermometer

98
Q

This temperature measurement device is similar to glass thermometers. It uses a bulb filled with liquid, and a pressure element such as a bourbon tube.

A

Filled bulb thermometer or filled system thermometer.

99
Q

An apparatus for measuring high temperatures that uses the radiation emitted by a hot body as a basis for measurement.

A

Pyrometer

100
Q

What are the 3 classifications of pressure sensors?

A
  • Elastic pressure transducer
  • Manometer method
  • Electric pressure transducer
101
Q

What are the 3 different kinds of elastic pressure transducer?

A
  • Bourdon tube
  • Diaphragm
  • Bellows
102
Q

This elastic pressure transducer is commonly used for measuring the gauge pressure of both gaseous and liquid fluids.

3 types of it are:

  • C-type
  • Spiral type
  • Helical type
A

Bourdon tube

103
Q

These are elastic pressure transducer that is used to measure gauge pressures over very low ranges.

2 types of it are:

  • Metallic diaphragm
  • Slack diaphragm
A

Diaphragm pressure transducer

104
Q

This elastic pressure transducer is more sensitive than the bourdon type it resembles the accordion.

A

Bellows pressure gauges

105
Q

What are the 5 types of electric pressure transducers?

A
  • Strain gauge pressure transducers
  • Capacitive pressure transducers
  • Potentiometer pressure transducers
  • Resonant Wire pressure transducers
  • Piezeoelectric pressure transducers
106
Q

It consists of interconnected components that is designed to control some physical quantity like temperature, pressure or speed.

A

Control system

107
Q

In order to control a physical quantity, the control system must do what?

A

Sense the physical quantity

108
Q

Then feedback of the control system uses _____ to determine the difference of the desired output with the actual output.

A

error

109
Q

What are the two types of control system?

A
  • Open-loop control systems
  • Control-loop systems
110
Q

This type of control system utilizes a controller to obtain the desired response.

A

Open-loop control system

111
Q

This type of control system utilizes a feedback to compare the actual output to the desired output response.

A

Close-loop control system

112
Q

What are the basic elements of an open-loop system?

A

Input - Control element - Correction element - Process - Output/Controlled variable

113
Q

What are the basic elements of a closed-loop system?

A

Input/Comparison element - Control element - Correction element - Process element - Measurement element - Feedback

114
Q

This control system element compares the reference value with the measure value and produces an error signal.

A

Comparison element in control-loop system

115
Q

This control system element decides what action to take when it receives an error signal.

A

Control element

116
Q

This control system element is used to produce a change in the process to remove the error and is often called an actuator,

A

Correction element

117
Q

This control system element is the system of which a variable is being conrtolled

A

Process element

118
Q

This control system element produces a signal related to the variable being controlled and provides the signal fed back to the comparison element to determine if there is an error.

A

Measurement element

119
Q

It is the regulation of processes without human intervention.

A

Automatic control

120
Q

What is the water triple point?

A

0.01°C or 273.16K

121
Q

What are the mechanical ways to measure temperature?

A

↵

  • Liquid in glass thermometer
  • Bimetallic strip
  • Pressure thermometer
  • Gas filled thermometer
  • Filled bulb thermometer
122
Q

What is the working principle of bimetallic strip?

A

Two metals with different characteristics are joined together along its entire length. These metals elongate differently, thus, it curves.

123
Q

What are the temperature classifications and its maximum surface temperature? (European)

A

↵

  • T6 - 85
  • T5 - 100
  • T4 - 135
  • T3 - 200
  • T2 - 300
  • T1 - 450
124
Q

Newton’s 1st law of motion states that…

A

An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

125
Q

Newton’s 2nd law of motion states that…

A

Force equals mass times acceleration.

126
Q

Newton’s 3rd law of motion states that…

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

127
Q
A

ECE132 - Instrumentation and Control (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions