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Anatomy: Lower Extremity > LE Muscle Table > Flashcards

LE Muscle Table Flashcards

1
Q

Diaphragm

A

O: Sternal - from posterior surface of xiphoid process
Costal: costal cartilages 7,8,9 and distal ends of ribs 10,11,12
Lumbar: (1) From medial and lateral acruate ligaments, (2) From crura, right and left. Crura attach to the upper 3 lumbar vertebral bodies and intervening discs, (3) From median arcuate ligament (tendinous arch between the crura)

I: Central tendon
I: Phrenic n. (C3,4,5)
A: Respiration

Notes:
The fascia over the quadratus lumborum is thickened SUPERIORLY and forms the lateral arcuate liglamlent. The fascia over the psoas is thickened superiorly and is called the medial arcuate ligament. The superior portions of the quadratus lumborum and psoas muscles are covered by the diaphragm. The diaphragm takes part of its origin from the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments

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2
Q

Levator Ani: Pubo coccygeus

A

O: Pubis
I: Coccyx
I: Branches of Sacral Plexus
A: –

Notes: Medial portion is called puborectalis or puborectal sling keeps 90 degree angle between anus and rectum. Helps maintain continence

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3
Q

Levator Ani: Ilioccygeus

A

O: Fascial thickening over obturator internus (Tendinous arch)
I: Coccyx
I: –
A: –

  • Obturator internus is an external rotator of the hip that originates on the inner surface of the obturator foramen and exits the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen to attach to the femur
  • Part of Levator Ani
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4
Q

Levator Ani: (Ischio)Coccygeus

A

O: Ischial spine
I: Coccyx
I: –
A: –

Part of Levator Ani

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5
Q

Iliacus

A

O: Iliac fossa
I: Lesser trochanter (with psoas muscle)
I: Femoral n.
A: Flexes hip

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6
Q

Psoas Major

A

O: (1) Bodies of lumbar vertebrae, (2) Lumbar intervertebral discs, (3) Lumbar transverse processes

I: Lesser trochanter (with iliacus muscle)
I: Ventral rami
A: Flexes hip

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7
Q

Psoas Minor

A 
O: With highest fibers of psoas major
I: Area on pectineal line
I: Ventral rami
A: Posterior pelvic tilt
*Present only ~50% of the time
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8
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

O: (1) Iliac crest, (2) Iliolumbar ligament, (3) Transverse processes of lower lumbar vertabrae

I: Transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae and 12th rib

I: Ventral rami
A: Unilaterally: lateral flexion of trunk; Reverse origin-insertion action: “hip hiking”; Bilaterally: lumbar extension

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9
Q

Sartorius

A

O: ASIS
I: Upper Medial surface of tibia (part of pes anserinus)
I: Femoral n.
A: (1) Flexes hip, (2) external rotation of hip, (3) Flexes knee

*Pes Anserinus (foot of goose) formed by insertion of sartorius, gracilla, and semitendinosus

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10
Q

Quadriceps Femoris - Rectus Femoris

A

O: (1) AIIS (Straight tendon), (2) Ilium above acetabulum (reflected tendon)
I: Common tendon into the upper border of the patella
I: Femoral nerve
A: (1) Extends knee, (2) Flexes hip

*Quads act as unit for knee extension. Cannot isolate or strengthen individually

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11
Q

Quadriceps Femoris - Vastus Lateralis

A

O: (1) Lateral Lip of linea aspera, (2) Lateral intermuscular septum
I: Common tendon into the upper border of the patella
I: Femoral n.
A: Extends knee

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12
Q

Quadriceps Femoris - Vastus Medialis

A

O: (1) Lower anterior part of intertrochanteric line, (2) Medial lip of linea aspera
I: Common tendon into the upper border of the patella
I: Femoral n.
A: Extends knee

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13
Q

Quadriceps Femoris - Vastus Intermedius

A

O: Anterior and lateral surface of body of femur
I: Common tendon into the upper border of the patella
I: Femoral n.
A: Extends knee

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14
Q

Articularis Genu

A

O: Distal femur
I: Knee joint capsule
I: Femoral n.
A: Pulls joint capsule upward during knee extension

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15
Q

Pectineus

A

O: Pectineal line of pubis
I: Below lesser trochanter
I: (1) Femoral n., (2) Obturator n., (3) OR both!
A: (1) Flexes hip, (2) Adducts hip

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16
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

O: (1) Body of pubis, (2) Inferior ramus of pubis
I: Upper part of linea aspera, medial lip
I: Obturator n.
A: (1) Flexes hip, (2) Adducts hip

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17
Q

Obturator Externus

A

O: External surface of obturator membrane
I: Trochanteric fossa
I: Obturator n.
A: External rotation of hip

*Can see muscle belly deep to pectineus and can see tendon in gluteal area deep to Obturator Internus

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18
Q

Gracillis

A

O: (1) Body of pubis, (2) Inferior ramus of pubis
I: Tibia, below medial condyle (pes anserinus)
I: Obturator n.
A: (1) Adducts hip, (2) Flexes hip, (3) Flexes knee

  • Pes Anserinus (foot of goose) formed by insertion of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus
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19
Q

Adductor Longus

A

O: Body of pubis
I: Linea aspera, medial lip
I: Obturator n.
A: (1) Adducts hip, (2) Flexes hip

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20
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

O: (1) Inferior ramus of pubis, (2) Ischium, (3) Ischial tuberosity
I: (1) Medial lip of linea aspera, (2) Adductor tubercle
I: (1) Obturator n. to portion from ischiopubic ramus, (2) Tibial portion of sciatic n. to portion from ischial tuberosity
A: (1) Adducts hip, (2) Flexes hip, (3) Ischial fibers can help to extend hip

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21
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

O: Upper 2/3 tibia
I: (1) Medial cuneiform, (2) Base of 1st metatarsal
I: Deep peroneal n.
A: (1) Ankle dorsiflexion, (2) Forefoot inversion

Anterior compartment of leg

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22
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

O: (1) Lower fibula, (2) Interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of hallux
I: Deep peroneal n.
A: (1) Ankle dorsiflexion, (2) Extends hallux

*Anterior compartment of leg

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23
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

O: (1) Lateral condyle of tibia, (2) Upper fibula, (3) Interosseous membrane
I: Middle and distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes
I: Deep peroneal n.
A: (1) Extends toes, (2) Ankle dorsiflexion, (3) Forefoot eversion

*Anterior compartment of leg

24
Q

Peroneus Tertius

A

O: Continues with extensor digitorum longus
I: Base of 5th metatarsal
I: Deep peroneal n.
A: (1) Ankle dorsiflexion, (2) Forefoot eversion

*Anterior compartment of leg

25
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: Calcaneous
I: Proximal phalanx of hallux
I: Deep peroneal n.
A: Extends proximal phalanx of hallux

26
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

O: Calcaneous
I: Proximal phalanx of lateral 3-4 toes
I: Deep peroneal n.
A: Extends proximal phalanx of lateral 4 toes

27
Q

Peroneus Longus

A

O: (1) Head of fibula, (2) Upper fibula
I: (1) Medial cuneiform, (2) Base of 1st metatarsal
I: Superficial peroneal n.
A: (1) Forefoot eversion, (2) Ankle plantar flexion

*Lateral compartment of leg

28
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A

O: Lower fibula
I: Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
I: Superficial peroneal n.
A: (1) Ankle eversion, (2) Ankle plantar flexion

*Lateral compartment of leg

29
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

O: (1) Ilium, (2) Sacrum, (3) Coccyx, (4) Sacrotuberous ligament
I: (1) Upper half of the muscle and the superficial fibers of the lower half insert into the iliotibial band, (2) Deep fibers and the lower part insert into the greater tuberosity of the femur
I: Inferior gluteal n.
A: Hip extension, external rotation

30
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

O: (1) Ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines, (2) Overlying deep fascia
I: Greater trochanter
I: Superior gluteal n.
A: (1) Hip abduction, (2) Hip internal rotation (anterior fibers), (3) Hip external rotation (posterior fibers)

  • Posterior, Anterior, and Inferior gluteal lines are lines on ilium that demarcate the attachments of the gluteal muscles. Inferior gluteal line from between ASIS and AIIS to greater sciatic notch; Anterior gluteal line from iliac crest just posterior to ASIS to greater sciatic notch; Posterior gluteal line from iliac crest near PSIS to greater sciatic notch near PIIS
31
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

O: Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: Anterior border of greater trochanter
I: Superior gluteal n.
A: (1) Hip abduction, (2) Hip internal rotation (anterior fibers)

32
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

O: (1) Anterior part of iliac crest, (2) ASIS
I: (1) Iliotibial tract which attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle on tibia, (2) Patellar retinaculum
I: Superior gluteal n.
A: (1) Hip flexion, (2) Extends knee

33
Q

Piriformis

A

O: Pelvic surface of sacrum
I: Greater trochanter
I: S1 and S2 in pelvis
A: Hip external rotation

34
Q

Obturator Internus

A

O: (1) Pelvic surface of obturator membrane, (2) Bone around foramen
I: Greater trochanter
I: Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
A: Hip external rotation

*Tendon passes through lesser sciatic foramen

35
Q

Superior Gemelli

A

O: Ischial spine
I: Tendon of obturator internus
I: Nerve to superior gemellus and obturator internus
A: Hip external rotation

36
Q

Inferior Gemelli

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Tendon of obturator internus
I: Nerve to inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris
A: Hip external rotation

37
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Femur on line vertically distal to intertrochanteric crest
I: Nerve to inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris
A: Hip external rotation

38
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

O: Long head: ischial tuberosity, Short head: Lateral lip of linea aspera
I: (1) Head of fibula, (2) Lateral tibial condyle
I: Long head: tibial part of sciatic n., Short head: common peroneal part of sciatic n.
A: (1) Extends hip, (2) Flexes knee, (3) Strongly externally rotates leg and hip

39
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial tibia, posterior to sartorius and gracilis
I: Tibial part of sciatic n.
A: (1) Extends hip, (2) Flexes knee, (3) Internally rotates leg (knee) and hip

  • Pes Anserinus (foot of goose) formed by insertion of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus
  • Upper half is fleshy
40
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle
I: Tibial part of sciatic n.
A: (1) Extends hip, (2) Flexes knee, (3) Internally rotates leg (knee) and hip

  • Upper half is long, flat tendon
  • Deep to semitendinosus
  • Insertion has heavy lateral expansion forming oblique popliteal ligament
41
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: (1) Medial head to medial femoral condyle, (2) Lateral head to lateral femoral condyle
I: Calcaneus via tendocalcaneus
I: Tibial n.
A: (1) Plantar flexion, (2) Knee flexion

*Posterior compartment of leg

42
Q

Plantaris

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of femur
I: Tendocalcaneus via ribbon-like tendon
I: Tibial n.
A: (1) Very weak plantar flexion, (2) Knee flexion

*Posterior compartment of leg

43
Q

Soleus

A

O: (1) Upper fibula, (2) Soleal line, (3) Middle tibia
I: Tendocalcaneus
I: Tibial n.
A: Plantar flexion

*Posterior compartment of leg

44
Q

Popliteus

A

O: Lateral condyle
I: Posterior tibia above soleal line
I: Tibial n.
A: (1) Flexes knee, (2) Unlocks knee from tibial extension

  • Deep muscle of posterior leg
  • In open chain, knee unlocks by medial rotation of tibia on femur
  • In closed chain, knee unlocks by lateral rotation of femur on tibia
45
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Middle posterior fibula
I: Distal phalanx of great toe
I: Tibial n.
A: (1) Flexion of great toe, (2) Plantar flexion

  • Deep muscle of posterior leg (most lateral)
  • Tendon groove in posterior talus and calcaneus
46
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

O: (1) Tibia, (2) Fibula, (3) Interosseous membrane
I: (1) Navicular tuberosity, (2) Broad tendon to: [a] all cuneiforms, [b] cuboid, [c] 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals
I: Tibial n.
A: (1) Principal forefoot inverter, (2) Plantar flexion

*Deep muscle of posterior leg (in the middle)

47
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Middle tibia
I: Distal phalanx of four lateral toes
I: Tibial n.
A: (1) Flexes lateral four toes, (2) Weak plantar flexion, (3) Forefoot inversion

*Deep muscle of posterior leg (most medial)

48
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

O: Calcaneus
I: Proximal phalanx of hallux
I: Medial plantar n.
A: Abduction of hallux

  • First layer
  • Medial planter n. and artery appear between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis
49
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

O: Calcaneus
I: Middle phalanx of toes 2-5
I: Medial plantar n.
A: Flexes middle digit

  • First layer
  • Lateral plantar n. and artery cross deep to flexor digitorum brevis to go to lateral side
50
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

O: Calcaneus
I: (1) Proximal phalanx of 5th toe, (2) Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal
I: Lateral plantar n.
A: 5th digit abduction

*First layer

51
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

O: Calcaneus
I: Flexor digitorum longus tendon
I: Lateral plantar n.
A: Corrects pull of Flexor Digitorum Longus

*Second layer

52
Q

Lumbricals

A

O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Medial side, 4 lateral toes dorsal digital expansion
I: (1) Medial plantar n. to 1st, (2) Lateral plantar n. to 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
A: Flexion of MTP joints

*Second layer

53
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: Tarsals
I: Proximal phalanx of hallux
I: Medial plantar n.
A: Flexus hallux

  • Third layer
  • 2 sesamoid bones in tendon at MTP joint
  • *NOT REQUIRED TO KNOW ATTACHMENTS
54
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

O: (1) Transverse head: Metatarsal ligament, (2) Oblique head: Base of metatarsals
I: Proximal phalanx of hallux
I: Lateral plantar n.
A: Adducts halux

  • Third layer
  • *NOT REQUIRED TO KNOW ATTACHMENTS
55
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

O: Base of 5th metatarsal
I: Proximal phalanx of 5th digit
I: Lateral plantar n.
A: Flexes 5th digit

  • 3rd layer
  • *NOT REQUIRED TO KNOW ATTACHMENTS
56
Q

Plantar Interossei

A

O: -
I: -
I: Lateral plantar n.
A: Adduction of lateral 3 digits

  • Fourth layer
  • 3 adductors of lateral 3 toes
  • *NOT REQUIRED TO KNOW ATTACHMENTS
57
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

O: -
I: -
I: Lateral plantar n.
A: Abduction of 3 digits (second toe to either side and ABD of toes 3 and 4)

  • Fourth layer
  • 4 toe abductors muscles: 2 to 2nd toe, 1 to 3rd and 1 to 4th toes
  • Axis of foot is 2nd toe for ABD/ADD
  • Arise from adjacent metatarsals
  • *NOT REQUIRED TO KNOW ATTACHMENTS

Anatomy: Lower Extremity (2 decks)

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