LE amputation etiology

Question 1

how many amp due to vascular disease and which one specifically is the main

Answer 1

82 percent

PAD

Question 2

what reduces amputations in vascular disease pop

Answer 2

patient edu and proper foot care

Question 3

most LE amp are due to

Answer 3

vascular disease

Question 4

most UE amp are due to

Answer 4

trauma

Question 5

which sex is more likely for amp

Answer 5

males

Question 6

what races are higher risks for amps

Answer 6

african american, hispanic american, native americans

Question 7

top four in order causes of amputations

Answer 7

diabeties and PAD
trauma
cancer
congenital deficiencies

Question 8

how does diabetes lead to amputations

Answer 8

elevate blood sugars - cause dmg to BV and nerves

loss of protective sensation - causes blister or minor injury

ulceration- non healing

amputaiton

Question 9

what are signs of peripheral neuropathy

Answer 9

deficits of sensation
motor
autonomic dysfx - trophic changes

Question 10

other diabetic complications leading to amputation

Answer 10

severe ischemic pain

absent pulses

local necrosis

osteomyelitis

systemic tox

acute embolism

DVT

Question 11

risk factors for PAD

Answer 11

SMOKINg
increased age
co morbid - DM, HTN, heart disease, CVA

Question 12

classic symptoms of PAD

Answer 12

intermittent claudication

loss of LE pulses

leg numbness

trophic changes

Question 13

what to look for on foot screen

Answer 13

protective sensation
skin temp
distal pulses
nail shape and color
deformities
swelling
callus formation

Question 14

When people with DM get amputations what are they associated with

Answer 14

Significant morbidity
Significant functional limitations
Future disability
Another LE amputation
Mortality (33% in one-year)
↑ Health care costs

Question 15

classic trauma pt

Answer 15

man 20-29 yrs and UE amp

Question 16

leading causes of trauma amp

Answer 16

MVA
Farming accidents
Power tools
Firearms
Burns and electrocution

Question 17

what are trauma amps more likely to have

Answer 17

psychological impact

Question 18

challenges of traumatic amps

Answer 18

Limb length, shape – depends on injury 
Partial v. full amputation – fitting is harder
Multiple surgeries – limb salvage 
Tissue viability and loss 
Pain - increased

Question 19

main cancer causing amp

Answer 19

osteosarcoma

Question 20

what bones is osteosarcoma most likely found in

Answer 20

distal femur
prox tib
prox humerus

Question 21

what to look for with osteosarcomma

Answer 21

pn with WB
Hx of worsening deep local pn
fractures

Question 22

what is congenital deficiency

Answer 22

absence of all or part of a limb at birth

Question 23

challenges of congenital deficiency

Answer 23

rapid growth
cosmesis
provide fx

Question 24

main take aways of amp etiology

Answer 24

Dysvascular disease is leading cause of LE amputation
- Diabetic complications

Males more affected than females

Lower limb 11x more likely than upper limb

Traumatic amputations are more likely to occur in men, 20-29 years old

Cancer is third leading cause

Congenital deformity/deficiency is less than 1% of all amputations