LDM study guide cards

Question 1

LDM works by moving the client’s _______ in different directions.

Answer 1

skin

Question 2

HOW does LDM stimulate the immune system?

Answer 2

moves stagnant fluid out of tissues

into lymph vessels

where it is transported through lymph nodes

and purified by lymphocytes.

tissues>vessels>nodes>lymphocytes

Question 3

Lymph Drainage Massage explain

Answer 3

gentle, rhythmic style of massage that mimics the action of the lymphatic system.

Question 4

Parasympathetic state and the effects on the body.

Answer 4

“relaxed state”

breathing and heart slow
muscles regulate
organs resume normal function

Question 5

Sympathetic nervous system and effects on the body.

Answer 5

“Fight or flight”

Causes the body to tense, producing chemicals and hormones.

This reaction depresses the immune system while stressing body systems. (including the cardiovascular system)

Question 6

Describe the massage style & movements for LDM.

Answer 6

light gentle touch

repetitive strokes

precise speed, rhythm and pressure.

Therapists moves client’s skin in different directions: lengthwise, horizontally and diagonally.

Question 7

What movements should you never use with LDM?

Answer 7

long strokes
heavy pressure
rapid movements

Question 8

What is edema?

Answer 8

A condition in which excess interstitial fluid saturates tissues causing them to swell.

Question 9

What things contribute to temporary edema?

Answer 9

too much salt

consuming too much liquid

scar tissue

sedimentary lifestyle

minor injuries (inflammation response)

emotional trauma and stress

Question 10

What are the 2 types of lymphedema disease?

Answer 10

“congenital or primary” lymphedema

“obstructive or secondary” lymphedema

Question 11

Causes of primary lymphedema?

Answer 11

Congenital (present at birth) malformation of blood or lymph vessels.

Question 12

Causes of secondary lymphedema?

Answer 12

obstruction

injury

irradiation (being exposed to radiation/ cancer treatment)

surgery

Question 13

Symptoms of chronic lymphedema

Answer 13

skin : thickening, cooling, and feeling coarse

becoming prone to injury and infection.

inflammation.

Question 14

Symptoms of inflammation?

Answer 14

pain

heat

redness

more edema.

Question 15

Explain lymph fluid.

Answer 15

A body fluid that consists of water, electrolytes and proteins found in the lymphatics.

Question 16

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 16

Plasma pushed out of capillaries and forced into interstitial tissue.

Question 17

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 17

Immune cells

Question 18

Which are helper cells and which produce antibodies?

Answer 18

helper cells: tcells

produce antibodies: bcells

Question 19

How do flap valves work?

Answer 19

Flap valves are little doorways that open allowing fluid to enter the lymphatic system.

With body movement these valves flap open allowing fluid to be absorbed into the lymphatic system.

Question 20

What is the function of lymph nodes, nodules and tonsils?

Answer 20

filter lymph fluid and destroy microorganisms

Question 21

What are afferent vessels?

Answer 21

lymph vessels that carry lymph toward the nodes.

Question 22

What are efferent vessels?

Answer 22

vessels that carry lymph out of the nodes and toward the lymphatic ducts.

Question 23

What are the 2 different lymphatic ducts (which drains a larger portion of the body)?

Answer 23

the right lymphatic duct

the thoracic duct (larger)

Question 24

Which organs contain lymph tissue?

Answer 24

lymph nodes

tonsils

spleen

thymus

aggregated lymph nodules in the respiratory and digestive tracts

Question 25

medulla

Answer 25

inner part of the lymph node

Question 26

immune cells "What are the key immune cells in the epidermis?"

Answer 26

The key immune cells in the epidermis are: * lymphocytes * monocytes * macrophages

Question 27

3 pairs of tonsils

Answer 27

pharyngeal palatine lingual

Question 28

adenoids

Answer 28

pharyngeal tonsils

Question 29

largest organ of the lymphatic system

Answer 29

spleen

Question 30

phagocytized

Answer 30

broken down into parts

Question 31

thymus and its importance

Answer 31

two lobe organ an endocrine gland that helps newborns and young children develop antibodies.

Question 32

Explain the functions of the lymphatic system.

Answer 32

helps balance fluid distributes immune cells rids tissues of excess proteins and toxins carries digested fat from the intestines to the blood vessels helps repair damage in injured tissues

Question 33

nonspecific immunity

Answer 33

innate resistance (born with)

Question 34

specific immunity

Answer 34

must be acquired, depends on the ability of immune cells to produce antibodies

Question 35

Describe the inflammation process.

Answer 35

1) Injury occurs 2) bacteria enter through injured tissue 3) damaged cells release chemical signals 4) blood flow and fluid filtration increase into tissues (heat, redness, swelling, and pain) 5) white blood cells increase 6) bacteria are recognized, attacked, and destroyed 7) fibers in blood create scar tissue to contain the damage and to rebuild the damaged tissue 8) Increased lymph circulation removes debris and cells from the damaged area

Question 36

What happens during an autoimmune disorder?

Answer 36

"body attacks it's own cells" Autoimmune diseases occur when the body becomes confused recognizing foreign cells and the immune system starts to self attack self cells as if they were foreign invaders.

Question 37

active immunity

Answer 37

acquired. Everyday life exposures to antigens. Body's immune system responds by creating antibodies. This is why adults get sick less than children bc we have built up more antibodies.

Question 38

passive immunity

Answer 38

"natural immunity" passed from mother to child.

Question 39

What is formed when a neutrophil dies?

Answer 39

Pus

Question 40

Monocytes:

Answer 40

immature macrophages

Question 41

Macrophages:

Answer 41

Monocytes mature into macrophages which are 5x larger. They travel to damages tissue after neutrophils, they are responsible for most of the later stages of infection. Part of the nonspecific immune system.

Question 42

What do basophils release?

Answer 42

histamine

Question 43

What do the chemicals released by eosinophils do?

Answer 43

reduce inflammation

Question 44

Natural killer cells (where are they produced and what is their function?)

Answer 44

produced in red bone marrow they recognize and destroy a certain class of cells like tumor cells.

Question 45

Causes of ordinary edema

Answer 45

lacking exercise poor diet scar tissue heart or kidney disease radiation therapy having allergies menstruation emotional tension medications

Question 46

Contraindications for LDM

Answer 46

``` cancer open wound, rash, inflamed skin conditions fever heart, kidney or liver disease severe asthma (LDM may trigger a attack) thyroid disease blood clot varicose veins organ transplant, immune suppressing medications ```

Question 47

Indications for LDM

Answer 47

``` before or after surgery soft tissue injury sluggish immune system stress chronic fatigue, mild depression, chronic soft tissue pain traveler's edema water retention from a salty diet scar tissue cellulite unhealthy skin caused by circulation issues high blood pressure chronic colds ```

Question 48

Massage principles of LDM?

Answer 48

move the skin, apply gentle pressure, slow movements, in the proper direction

Question 49

chronic edema with no known cause. what do you do?

Answer 49

tell them to see a dr

Question 50

Specific conditions to ask about before performing LDM?

Answer 50

heart blood pressure blood clots phlebitis liver/kidney disease cancer

Question 51

What to do when a client will not give health info?

Answer 51

Explain why it's important. Don't see them if they won't provide info.

Question 52

Axillary

Answer 52

armpit

Question 53

Infuinal

Answer 53

groin

Question 54

Where do B-cells originate and mature?

Answer 54

in the bones

Question 55

Where do T-cells originate and mature?

Answer 55

in bone MARROW