Lcture 1

Question 1

What is normal homeostasis?

Answer 1

The balance of proliferation and apoptosis

Question 2

When there is an injury to a tissue

Question 3

What are the four stages of wound healing?

Answer 3

1. Hemostasis
   2.inflmmaory
2. Proliferating
3. Remodelling

Question 4

What happens during hemstasis?

Answer 4

Blood clot

Question 5

What happens duringinflammatory?

Answer 5

A sca is formed
There are fibroblasts and macrophages present

Question 6

What happens during proliferation?

Answer 6

Fibroblasts begin to proliferate and subcutaneous fat is present

Question 7

What happens during remodelling?

Answer 7

Freshly healed epidermis
Freshly healed dermis

Question 8

Tissu repair drama?

Answer 8

Proliferation and migration of different cells: the actors
Laying down of extracellular matrix: the setting
Growth factors: means of communication
Remoddlelling of collagen to form scar

Question 9

How does receptor mediated cell signalling work?

Answer 9

Ligand from the sending cell binds to receptor and target cell and initiates a response

Question 10

What cells are labile?

Answer 10

Stem cells
Skin epithelium
Salivary gland
GI epithelium

Question 11

What cells are stable? Quiescent

Answer 11

Fibroblasts
Endothelial cells
Smooth muscle cells
Lymphocytes

Question 12

What cells are permanent? Nondividing

Answer 12

Cardiac muscle cells
Skeletal muscle cells

Question 13

Growth factors- specialised proteins act as?

Answer 13

Ligands

Question 14

What does the transforming growth factor beta do?

Answer 14

The most critical in tissue repair. They proliferate and stimulate fibroblasts to secrete collagen. Repair fibrous connective tissue at the injury site.

Question 15

What does PDGF do? Platelet driven growth factor

Answer 15

It calls neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts to the injury site. Aids in wound contraction

Question 16

What do FGF do? Fibroblast growth factor

Answer 16

Initiate the migration of epithelial cells, aid in wound contraction and stimulates angiogenesis (forming new blood vessels)

Question 17

What does vascular endothelial growth factor do?VEGFF

Answer 17

Angiogenesis

Question 18

What does epithelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor do?

Answer 18

Stimulate epithelial and hepatocyte proliferation and enhances epithelial cell migration

Question 19

What is present in the interstitial matrix?

Answer 19

Collagen,elastin, fibronectin, proteoglycans and hyaluronan

Question 20

What is present in the basement membrane?

Answer 20

Nonfibrillar collagen, laminin and proteoglycans

Question 21

What is the extra cellular matrix made up of?

Answer 21

Interstitial matrix and the basement membrane

Question 22

What is the structural properties of the ECM

Answer 22

Firmness to bone (collagen and elastin)

Question 23

What is the resilient properties of the ECM?

Answer 23

Imparting resilience to soft tissues (proteoglycans and hyaluronan)

Question 24

What are the adhesive properties of the ECM?

Answer 24

Stores and presents growth factors, such as scaffolds, facilitates cell growth (integrins, fibronectins and laminin)

Question 25

What is the tissue engineering classic approach?

Question 26

…

Answer 26

Answer 27

Question 28

Are stem cells easily obtained in large number?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

Are stem cells safe to implant?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

Are stem cells easy to differentiate into the cells needed?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What do blastocysts change into?

Answer 31

Inner cell mass then embryonic stem cells

Question 32

What do fibroblasts from the skin Change into?

Answer 32

Defined factors and then induced pluripotent stem cells

Question 33

What do muscle stem cells change into?

Answer 33

Adult stem cells

Question 34

What do mesenchymal cells differentiate into?

Answer 34

Osteoblasts (bone) Chondrocyte(cartilage) Adipocyte(fat)

Question 35

what do stem cells undergo?

Answer 35

differentiation and renewal

Question 36

dental stem cells undergo multidifferentiation into what?

Answer 36

odontoblast osteoblast chondrocyte adipocyte myocyte endothelial cells neural cells

Question 37

what are the sources in which we can get dental stem cells?

Answer 37

PDL apical papilla dental follicle dental pulp

Question 38

when should the tooth be placed into the transport medium?

Answer 38

immediately after exodontia or exfoliation

Question 39

after transport medium what happens to the tooth

Answer 39

seperation of dental tissue containing stem cells

Question 40

next stage?

Answer 40

explant or enzymatic and or mechanical dissociation of dental tissue

Question 41

after apical papilla in exlpant?

Answer 41

dental stem cells are in culture?

Question 42

what is the ideal scaffold for dental tissue engineering?

Answer 42

extracellular matrix

Question 43

what is the tissue engineering purpose?

Answer 43

natural and synthetic

Question 44

natural polymer?

Answer 44

biocomaptible degradable nontoxic but risk of transmitting pathogens immune response

Question 45

what are the natural materials?

Answer 45

proteins polysaccharides nucleic acid

Question 46

collagen?

Answer 46

speical interest mechanically weak rapid degradation

Question 47

synthetic scaffolds?

Answer 47

PLA PGA PCL nontoxic biocompatible immune response acidic

Question 48

what are the copolymers

Answer 48

PEG PBT PU more useful?

Question 49

see the powerpoint for the flowchart on DPSCs differentiating into various specialised cells because wtf is that

Question 50

what is PRF?

Answer 50

platelet rich fibrin which is a regenrative additive currently used in dentistry

Question 51

what is platelet rich fibrin a matrix of?

Answer 51

autologous fibrin and concentrated suspension of growth factors

Question 52

what does PRF act as?

Answer 52

bioactive surgical additives applied locally to induce wound healing

Question 53

what is PRF used in?

Answer 53

oral and maxillofacial surgery, enhancing stem cells for bone regenration in the host bone and bone graft

Question 54

what does PRF possibly be used for?

Answer 54

as a resorbable membrane for guided bone regeneration

Question 55

what are the feature of PRF?

Answer 55

low volume less handling time injury to the blood collection site

Question 56

see powerpoint for the flowchart on current approaches in dentine pulp regenration

Question 57

what are the current pulp regenration strategies using DPSCs?

Answer 57

functional regeneration with neurovascularization.. DPSCs/SHED/sheets/aggregates/pellets DPSCs/SHED organic/synthetic scaffolds DPSCs/SHED pretreated/combined with growth factors DPSCs/SHED together with endothelial cells

Question 58

bone regeneration approach using DPSCs stages

Answer 58

1. dental pulp is extracted from human theet 2. DPSCs are expanded under specific condition 3. DPSCs are seeded on collagen scaffold 4. scaffolds with DPSCs are impalnted in animal models 5. after 30-60 days bone tissue is recovered from animals

Question 59

what is the approach for whole tooth regeneration?

Answer 59

3D cell manipulation where epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells form a bioengineered tooth germ whic is tranplanted to the bone and erupts

Question 60

what is the approach for generation of a bioengineered tooth unit

Answer 60

tooth unit will include tooth PDL alveolar bone and is placed into the bone and becomes engrafted

Question 61

what can be used to treat black triangles

Answer 61

TEP injection which regenrates the dental papilla

Question 62

features of young stem cells

Answer 62

highly proliferative and huge regenrative potential