LCSW Exam Flashcards
Tarasoff Law
Duty to notify victim/police if someone has a plan of harm
Length of crisis state
2 days to 6 weeks
Maturational Crisis
Precipitated by normal stress during the course of life (marriage, birth, retirement)
Situational Crisis
Precipitated by a sudden traumatic event that is unexpected (death, job loss, illness)
Substance Use Disorder
- The person must have at least two of the following for a given substance within the same 12-month period:
o Taking the substance in larger amounts or for longer than you meant to
o Wanting to cut down or stop using the substance but not managing to
o Spending a lot of time getting, using, or recovering from the use of the substance
o Cravings and urges to use the substance
o Not managing to do what you should at work, home, or school because of substance use
o Continuing to use, even when it causes problems in relationships
o Giving up important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of substance use
o Using substances again and again, even when it puts you in danger
o Continuing to use, even when you know you have a physical or psychological problem that could have been caused or made worse by the substance
o Needing more of the substance to get the effect you want (tolerance)
o Development of withdrawal symptoms which can be relieved by taking more of the substance
Signs of alcohol intoxication
inappropriate sexual or aggressive behaviors; impaired judgment; slurred speech; emotional lability; incoordination; unsteady gait; involuntary, rhythmic movement of the eyes; impaired attention or memory; stupor; coma
Signs of alcohol withdrawal
sweating; tachycardia; hand tremor; insomnia; nausea or vomiting; transient illusions or hallucinations; anxiety; psychomotor agitation; grand mal seizures; delirium tremens (DTs)
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
a chronic memory disorder caused by severe defiency of thiamine (Vitamin B1). The individual may attempt to compensate for memory loss by fabricating memories. It can cause hallucinations and can also lead to personality changes. The prognosis is generally poor.
Wernicke Encephalopathy
an acute, life-threatening but reversible condition that requires emergency treatment. Results from severe acute deficiency of thiamine. May experience confusion, loss of muscle coordination (leg tremors) and vision changes (abnormal eye movements, double vision, eyelid drooping). Prognosis is good if treated accordingly.
Signs of amphetamines/cocaine intoxication
euphoria, anxiety, hyperactivity; grandiosity, confusion, anger, paranoia, auditory hallucinations, tachycardia, elevated or lowered blood pressure, dilated pupils, perspiration or chills, nausea or vomiting, weight loss, psychomotor agitation, muscular weakness, confusion, seizures
Signs of amphetamines/cocaine withdrawal
dysphoric mood, fatigue, vivid and unpleasant dreams, insomnia or hypersomnia, increased appetite, psychomotor agitation, or retardation
Signs of caffiene intoxication
restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis, GI disturbance, muscle twitches, rambling flow of thought and speech, tachycardia or arrhythmia, periods of inexhaustibility, psychomotor agitation
Signs of caffiene withdrawal
headache (most common), changes in mood (such as depression and anxiety), difficulty concentrating, fatigue, increased appetite
Signs of cannabis intoxication
impaired motor coordination, euphoria, anxiety, sensation of slowed time, impaired judgment, social withdrawal, conjunctival injection (redness of the eyes), increased appetite, dry mouth, tachycardia
Signs of cannabis withdrawal
irritability, anger or aggression, nervousness or anxiety, sleep difficulty, decreased appetite or weight loss, restlessness, depressed mood, stomach pain, shakiness/tremors, sweating, fever, chills, and/or headache
Signs of hallucinogen intoxication
perceptual changes, anxiety, depression, ideas of reference, paranoid ideation, pupillary dilation, tachycardia, sweating, palpitations, blurred vision, tremors, incoordination
Signs of hallucinogen withdrawal
o Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (Flashbacks): following the cessation of use, the reexperiencing of one or more of the perceptual symptoms that were experienced while intoxicated with the hallucinogen; this reexperiencing causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupation, or other important areas of functioning.
Signs of opioids intoxication
initial euphoria followed by apathy or dysphoria, pupillary constriction, drowsiness or coma, slurred speech, impairment of attention and memory
Signs of opioids withdrawal
dysphoric mood, nausea or vomiting, muscle aches, lacrimation or rhinorrhea (runny eyes and nose), pupillary dilation, diarrhea, yawning, fever, insomnia
Early Full Remission
none of the criteria for substance use disorder except cravings are met for at least 3 months but less than 12 months
Sustained Full Remission
none of the criteria for substance use disorder except cravings have been met for at least a 12 month period or longer
CAGE Questionnaire
o The CAGE questionnaire is a quick screening tool used to assess for alcohol problems specifically. This screener helps determine whether a person drinks in excess and may benefit from alcohol treatment.
Naltrexone
blocks the euphoric effects and feelings of intoxication (alcohol). Can be used for opioid use disorder as well (pill form for alcohol, injectable for opioids).
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
works by creating an unpleasant reaction to alcohol. Use of this requires medical supervision
Acamprosate
can reduce the desire to drink alcohol by stabilizing chemical signaling in the brain that could otherwise be disrupted during withdrawal from alcohol
Methadone
Used for opioid dependence. Most often used. It works by reducing cravings and withdrawal and blunts or blocks the effects of opioids.
Buprenorphine
suppresses and reduces cravings for opioids
Pre-Contemplation Stage (Motivational Interviewing)
client is not yet thinking about change
Contemplation (Motivational Interviewing)
the client is thinking about and talking about change. They are considering whether to work towards change
Preparation (Motivational Interviewing)
The client is actively planning out steps to take to make change happen during this stage.
Action (Motivational Interviewing)
client is taking positive steps to put the plan from the previous stage in place
Maintenance (Motivational Interviewing)
the client is maintaining the change that has been made
Harm Reduction
an intervention that aims to reduce the negative effects of alcohol and drug use. Acknowledges that despite prevention and abstinence efforts, some clients will continue to engage in alcohol and drug use. Includes things like:
Limiting the number of days you drink per week
Limiting the number of drinks, you consume in one sitting
Having a designated driver
Utilizing needle exchange sites
Utilizing injection sites
Contingency Management
a type of behavioral therapy that uses incentives to help clients abstain from drugs and alcohol. Clients are encouraged to engage in sobriety and engage in behaviors supporting sobriety. As goals are achieved and behaviors are modified, clients receive rewards
Stages of Grief
DABDA – Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
Paranoid Personality Disorder
non-delusional paranoia, unjustified doubts; misreading harmless remarks or events; quick reactions of anger, holding grudges, expectation of being exploited; unjustified questions re: fidelity of partner
Schizoid Personality Disorder
detachment from social relationships; preference for being alone; restricted range of affect; lack of close friends; flat affect; emotionally cold; lack of desire for relationships; lack of sexual desire; indifference to opinion of others; lack of pleasure in activities
Schizotypal
inappropriate or constricted affect; irrational beliefs; magical thinking; ideas of reference; extreme social anxiety; unusual perceptual experiences (illusions); lack of close friends; paranoid ideation, eccentric appearance
Histrionic Personality Disorder
constant demands for approval/praise; exaggeration of emotion; discomfort when not the center of attention; sexual seductiveness; use of physical appearance to draw attention; content of speech lacking detail; suggestibility; rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions; belief that relationships are more intimate than they really are; view of themselves as glamorous and impressive
Narcisstic Personality Disorder
sense of entitlement; believe rules don’t apply to them; using others for personal gain; grandiosity; belief that they are special/unique; need for excessive admiration; lack of empathy; envious of others and belief that others are envious of them; fantasies of success/power/love; arrogance
Borderline Personality Disorder
unstable relationships; alternation between idealization and devaluation; feelings of emptiness; mood reactivity; angry outbursts followed by guilt/shame; impulsivity that is self-damaging; avoidance of abandonment (real or perceived); suicidal threats; self-mutilating behaviors; identity disturbance; transient paranoia or dissociation
Antisocial Personality Disorder
frequent physical fights or assaults; irresponsibility; deceitfulness; reckless disregard for safety; impulsive behavior; lack of remorse; disregard and violates the rights of others
Avoidant Personality Disorder
fear of being ridiculed; social inhibition; poor self-image; preoccupation with being criticized or rejected in social situations; avoidance of new activities; reluctance to take personal risks; restraint in intimate relationships; desire for social relationships; feelings of loneliness
Dependent Personality Disorder
need for excessive advice/reassurance; need for others to assume responsibility; difficulty doing things independently; lack of self-confidence; going to great lengths to be nurtured/supported; feelings of helplessness; moving from one relationship to the next to receive care and support; difficulty disagreeing with others; need for approval; preoccupation with being left to take care of oneself
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
preoccupation with details, rules, lists or organization; perfectionism; stubbornness; insistence that others do things “their way”; overly conservative with money; excessive devotion to work or productivity; reluctance to delegate to others; inflexibility around morals, ethics, values etc. difficulty throwing things out (even when useless or lacking in sentimental value)
Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory
Psyche includes: Id (a human’s basic, instinctual drives, pleasure seeking); Ego (attempts to mediate between Id and reality); and Superego (reflects the internalization of cultural rules usually learned from parents).
Oral Stage
(birth – 1 year) – an infant’s primary interaction with the world is through the mouth.
Anal Stage
(1-3 years) – primary focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements. Toilet training is a primary issue with children and parents. Too much pressure can result in an excessive need for order or cleanliness later in life (anal retentive) while too little pressure from parents can lead to messy or destructive behavior later in life (anal expulsive)
Phallic Stage
(3-6 years)- primary focus of the id’s energy is on the genitals. Children become aware of their gender identity.