Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCQLP LC Prep > LC flashcards > Flashcards

LC flashcards

1
Q

Ballast Efficacy Factor equation

A

(Ballast Factorx100)/Input Watts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ballast Efficacy Factor definition

A

BEF is the ratio of ballast output to input power. Used to compare different ballast on a light output to power consumption basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In order to compare ballast based on ballat efficacy factor what must be true?

A

Ballasts are operating the same number and type of lamps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the ratio b/w a light source and size of reflect

A

1:5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the equation for NPV when PVfactor is given

A

NPV = annual savings amount X PVfactor - Initial investment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is VDT

A

Video Display Terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

To avoid direct glare, what should the luminaire shielding angle be

A

> 45 deg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does iprgc stand for and what do they do?

A

Intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglio cell. 1% of ganglion cells in retina, non-visual but are nerve connection to biologic clock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

From LEED what does IEQ, SS, and EA stand for?

A

Indoor enviornmental quality, and sustainable site, energy & atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is VLT?

A

Variable Light Transmittance. Describes how much visible component of sunlight is transmitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the max sensitivity of cones which wavelengths and colors

A

555 nm, green/yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What information does the UL label provide?

A

Air tight/sealed, damp/wet, max wattage, IC or nonIC.

Air penetration, water penetration, max electrical, IC, lamp type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the boundaries for the non-IC fixtures

A

Insulation must be more than 3” away from the sides of the fixture and more than 1/2” from top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

NEC: splices

A

Splices must be accessible through ceiling or fixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NEC: Fixture mounting

A

Must be secured to building structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

NEC: % cicuirt loading

A

No more than 80% of capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NEC: Restrictions on clothes closet lighting

A

No pendant
Enclosed
Surface of recessed fluorescent lumianires
Surface or recessed LED identified for use within closets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

NEC: fixture dist from goods in residential clothes closet

A

12” for surface mounted or LED fixtures w/ enclosed

6” for all others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How to determine total amps given voltage and wattage

A

I = W/V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

For 90.1, what controls are needed in exterior dusk to dawn lighting

A

Photocell or astronomic time switch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

90.1 What kind of controls are needed in exterior non dusk to dawn lighting

A

Photocell & time switch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

90.1 What are the parking garage requirements?

A

Perimeter must use daylight reduction to min of 30% when no activity of max 30min. Lighting zone can be no larger than 3600sqft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Luminance ratios for object to background? distant focal cue? Dominating focal point

A

Object:Background = 3:1
Object:Focal cue = 10:1
Object: dom.focal point = 100:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IES targer reflectances for ceiling, walls, and floor

A

80-50-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

List of non-recoverable light loss factor

A

Ambient temp, voltage, ballast factor, luminaire surface depreciation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

List of recoverable light loss factors

A

LLD
Lamp Burn Out
LDD
RSDD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define IP testing. How is the frist level dust protection signaled? How are jets signaled? How is submersion signaled

A

Ingress protection. 1st level dust IP5X, 1st level Jets IPX5, 1st level submersion IP X7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How to estimate spacing for uplight lumens based on spec

A

4 - 8 x mounting distance to ceiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Equation for projected area of luminaire

A

Surface area x Cosine of viewing angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Equation for energy cost/year/fixture

A

Watts x hours x kwh rate / 1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

8 components of integrated daylighting system

A 
Daylight and view aperatures
Glazing selection
Sun control devices
Light redirecting devices
Furniture and partitions
Room and geometry surfaces
Plan form & orientation
Lighting controls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When is a nearby building considered a side lighting obstruction

A

If top of adjacent building is 25deg from horizon then it interferes with side lights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What happens during punch list

A

Confirm drawings vs. whats installed: lamps, ballasts, power supplies, final aiming, control programming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does U factor measure

A

Rate of heat loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which RP covers office lighting

A

RP-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which RP covers educational lighting

A

RP-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which RP covers library

A

RP-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which RP covers daylighting

A

RP-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which RP covers economics of lighting

A

RP-31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which RP covers roadway

A

RP-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How do you calculate daylight section depth from sidelighting (primary and secondary)

A

Zone 1 - Primary - Head height of window

Zone 2 - Secondary - Hed height of window times 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is a perfectly diffuse surface called

A

Lambertian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What kind of reflectance creates a mirror image

A

Specular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

List the steps of the design process in order

A 
Programming
Schematic Design
Design Development
Contact docs
Bidding & Negotiation
Construction Administration
Post occupancy eval
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

List the facotrs of visibility and task performance

A

Luminance, Contrast, Color contrast, size, movement, time, age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

During which design step do you determine existing building conditions

A

Programming existing conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

During which design step do you determine design constraints

A

Programming design givens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

During which design step do you determine design goals

A

Programming design goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

During which design step do you determine design criteria

A

Programming design criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is a solar shade and what does it do

A

A mesh blind along windws which blocks direct sun, allows for a view, reduces heat gain, allows diffuse light to come through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

During which design step do you submit and/or review lighting cut sheets

A

Construction Administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Define scotopic vision? What fc level, where is peak wavelenght? what anatomy?

A

Vision when adapted to dark enviorment. <0.1fc or <0.034cd/m2. Rods only, no fovea, no color, peripheral. Peak wavelength = 500nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Define photopic vision? What fc level, what anatomy? Where is peak wavelength?

A

Vision adapted to most interior lighted conditions. >1fc or >3.4cd/m2. Cone, foveal, color, detail. 550nm peak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What tool is used to measure luminous intensity and what is the unit of measure

A

Goniophotometer, candela

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

List CIE indoor classifications and the % uplight and downligh

A 
Direct - 90-100
Semi-Direct - 60-90
Direct/Indirect - 50 - batwing uplight
General Diffuse - 40-60
Semi-indirect - 10-40
Indirect 0-10
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

During which design step do you select specific luminaires

A

Design Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Discuss the acitons and physiology of accommodation

A

Ability to focus at different distances. Lens is adjusted in convexity and length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Discuss the actions and physiology of adaptation

A

Changing sensitivity to light levels. Pupil change size, neural system changes, change in rods/cones activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Which vision has S/P ratios

A

Mesopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

During which design step do you create a controls schedule

A

Contact documentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Luminance, define, symbol, unit of measure

A

Measure of light emitting from a surface in a specific direction. L - cd/ft^2, cd/m*2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What are the wavelength ranges of the visual spectrum

A

380-780, ROYGBIV high to low Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What does PAR stand for

A

Parabolic aluminized reflector or pressed reflector lamp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Define visual acuity

A

Ability to distinguish a visual task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Which lighting measurement do we perceive

A

Luminance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Discuss quantity and dispersion of rods and cones on the retina

A

Rods: 120 million - Dispersed evenly over retina except none in fovea
Cones: 8 million. Heavily concentrated in fovea, sparse elsewhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Describe halogen cycle

A

Tungsten atoms evaporate from filament, combine with halogen atoms, tung-hal return to filament, redepost tungsten, halogen is released to do it again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Max sensitivity of roads and what wavelength/color

A

507 nm, blue/green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What happens before and during design development

A

Before: Programming, schematic design
During: details of lighting, select luminaires, layout, controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What happens before and during bidding

A 
Before:
Programming
Schematic Design
Detailed Design
Contract Documents
During: Financial analysis, negotiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Programming, which step and what are actions

A

Step 1 - Survey, audit
Owner & design team preferences &impressions
Visual & perceptual needs
Security issues
Architectural opportunities and constraints
Photometric considerations of existing installation
Budget
Energy Limitations
Maintenance concerns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What is best direction for side lighting

A

North with south as second. North doesn’t recieve much direct sun, while south can be controlled easily. East and West causes direct sun which is hard to mitigate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

During which design step do you determine the desired lighting results

A

programming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Equation for life cycle cost

A

Cost to buy + cost to maintain + life energy cost + replacement cost - salvage value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

For Haz what does class 1, 2, and 3 mean? What does div 1 or div 2

A 
Class 1: Flammable Gas
Class 2: Combustible dust
Class 3: Combustible fiber
Div1: Normal Operations
Div2: Abnormal operations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What comes before schematic design? What is done during it

A 
Programming. 
Design considerations
Originate scheme or concept for lighting (mockup) & present
Review RP's
Prelim budge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Definte Daylight setback or holdback

A

When occ sensor has photocell override and won’t turn light on if people are in the space AND illuminance meets daylight set point.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Exitance, define symbol unit of measure

A

Total light coming off a surface. M. lm/ft^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

During which design step do you determine the desired lighting effects

A

Schematic design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Define Mesopic. What FC level, what anatomy

A

Vision at low ambient. 0.1`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Name three forms of daylighting

A

Sky light, reflected light (off bldg, road, grnd), direct sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

List NFPA 101 emergency egress reqs

A

Initial avg >= 1fc. Initial min >=0.1ftc. Max:min <= 40:1
Lights to stay on for 90 min
% of lumens to maintain at the end of 90 min: 60%
Test EM lighting for 30 sec every 30 days and 1.5 hours once a year
No more than a 10 sec delay when switching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Define Spatial daylight autonomy (SDA)

A

% of annual daytime hours that a given point in a space is above a specificed illumination level due to daylighting only. Ex. SDA300,50% means 300lux for 50% of the operating hours in a year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Define continuous daylight autonomy

A

Same as daylight autonomy but additional credits if light is below the user defined threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Illuminance: define, symbol, UOM

A

Density of light on a surface: E, fx or lux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Define Luminaire efficiency

A

Ratio of luminous flux emitted by a luminaire to the luminous flux emitted by the lamp(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Lamp Efficacy

A

LPW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

How do you determine max allowable spacing using SC

A

Max spacing = SC X H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Define coefficient of utilization

A

% of lumens from lamp that make their way to the work plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

What happens in the post occupancy evaluation?

A

Operations and maintenance, audit lighting performance, energy consumption, user experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

What comes before construction administation and what happens during

A

Bidding comes before.

Review submittals, change orders, installation, punch list, commissioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Name three things that factor into the point method of calculation

A

Intensity, distance, angle -
Ehor = Horziontal illuminance (fc, lux) = I (luminious intensity, cd) * cos(angle)/ D^2
Evert same as horzi but sin(angle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

What can you do to make a space seem more intimate

A

Light the horizontal surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

What can you do to make a space seem larger

A

Light the vertical surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

What can you do to bring out texture of a wall/surface

A

Graze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

Contract/construction documents what comes before

A 
Design Development comes before. 
Controls schedule/spec
Detailed drawings
Lighting schedule/spec
Lighting and controls plan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

Lamp seasoning time and on time before measurements post seasoning

A

No more than 20 hours for incandescent
100 hours for gases (fluorescent, HID, LPS).
if seasoning is not necessary allow HID and Fluorescent 1 hour to warm up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

List NFPA 101 egress requirements

A

Min 1fc avg no less than 0.1 fc along path. 40:1 max, New stairs:10fc, Old Stairs 1fc. Assembly occupancies on exit access 0.2fc. No single lamp failure can result in <0.2fc.
Occ sensors with min 15 min delay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

ADA spacing regarding lightings is what

A

Wall sconces can not protrude more then 4” b/w 27” and 80” AFF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

Define beam angle and field angle

A

Beam angle = 50% of max intensity in both directions

Field: 10% of max intensity both directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Zonal cavity calc give what

A

Horizontal illuminance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

Mix and get what:
Blue and Green
Green and red
Red and blue

A

Cyan
Yellow
Magenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

If investing do you want NPV to be more or less money when comparing options

A

Less. Less it costs in today’s money the better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

How does discount rate effect project finances

A

Lower the discount rate, the less effect time has on value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

Equation for simple payback and ROI

A

Simple Payback = Investment/annual savings (years)

ROI = savings/investment (percentage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

The longer the simple payment the _____ percentage the ROI will be

A

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

Horizontal blinds are best for which windows?

Vertical blinds are best for?

A

Horizontal: South facing
Vertical: East or west facing

108
Q

Discuss items affecting voltage drop and how to remedy

A 
Gauge of wire, load, voltage, distance
Increase gauge (smaller number)
Increase voltage
Shorten run
Reduce load
109
Q

If area is daylight what should the CCT be

A

3500K or greater

110
Q

What does LSG stand for and mean?

A

Solar Heat gain Ratio. Need to look up

111
Q

What does SHGC stand for and mean?

A

Solar heat gain coefficient. Need to look up.

112
Q

Define Ampere

A

Intensity of electrical flow. Symbol is “I” or “A”

113
Q

Adaptation

A

Process by which retina becomes accustomed to more or less light than immediately preceding period.

114
Q

Average rated life

A

Hours when 50% of a large group of lamps have failed when operated on a nominal lamp voltage and current. 3 hours/start for fluorescent, 10 hours/start for HID

115
Q

Ballast efficacy factor (BEF)

A

Ballast factor (x 100 to produce a whole number) divided by input watts. Used to measure the level of efficiency of similar ballast models.

116
Q

Ballast factor

A

Measurability of a particular ballast to produce light from the lamps it powers. Derived by the lumen output of a particular lamp/ballast combination divided by the lumen output of the same lamps on a reference ballast.

117
Q

Ballast types

A

Magnetic, Hybrid or “low frequency”, High frequency electronic

118
Q

Magnetic ballast

A

Inefficient device used a core and coil assembly transformer to perform the minimum functions to start and operate a lamp

119
Q

Hybrid/Low frequency Electronic

A

A magnetic ballast with a few electronic components that switch off voltage to the lamp coil once lamp has started. Minimal increase in efficiency is obtained with more expensive magnetic core material and turning off power to coils during operation

120
Q

High frequency electronic

A

Operates lamps above 20,000 hz. Best efficiency for traditional technologies

121
Q

Passive daylighting system

A

Daylighting system using photocells, shades and lighting control

122
Q

Active daylighting system

A

Uses heliostat to track and direct sunlight

123
Q

Candela

A

Measurement of luminous intensity

124
Q

Candlepower distribution

A

Represents variation in luminous intensity in cd in a plane through the light center of the lamp. Typical distribution graph

125
Q

Center beam Candle Power (CBCP)

A

Intensity of light produced at center (nadir) of a reflector lamp beam

126
Q

Coefficient of utilization

A

% of lamp lumens that are received on the work plan. Function of luminaire efficiency, room geometry, and room surface reflectances. CU values found on the spec sheet.

127
Q

Cut off angle

A

Angle measured from nadir to the first line of sight at which the bare source is not visible

128
Q

CIE: Direct luminaire

A

90-100% light down

129
Q

Disability glare

A

Reduces ability to perceive visual information. Too much light becomes scattered in the eye

130
Q

Luminaire efficiency

A

Ratio of lumen output of the fixture divided by lumen output of the lamps alone

131
Q

How do fluorescent lamps work?

A

Low pressure mercury discharge lamp with fluorescing coating (phosphor) transforms UV to visible light.

132
Q

Footcandle

A

Measurement of illuminances. (1lm/ft2)

133
Q

Lux

A

Measurement of illuminances. (1lm/m2)

134
Q

Harmonic

A

Electronic frequency that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency ex. 60 hz is fundamental, 120 hz is 2nd harmonic, 180 is 3rd harmonic. THD reflects the distortion to these.

135
Q

How does an HID lamp work?

A

Electronic discharge lamp where a light producing arc is stabilized by a wall temperature and the arc tube. Need more info here!

136
Q

How does an HPS lamp work?

A

HID lamp where light is produced by passing electric current through sodium vapor. Can operate in any position and be clear or coated

137
Q

Illuminance

A

Light falling (incident) on a surface. Not perceived to the eye but rather reflected light is (luminance)

138
Q

Induction lamp

A

Light generated by induction or transmission of energy via magnetic field + gas discharge. No electrodes. Very long rated life 60,000-100,000 hours

139
Q

Incident light

A

Light that falls onto a surface or object

140
Q

CIE indirect lighting

A

0-10% down

141
Q

Instant Start Ballast

A

Apply high voltage across lamp with no preheating of the cathode. Most energy efficient starting method for fluorescent lamp ballasting. 1.5 - 2 W less than rapid start. Less complex wiring, works at colder temps. Shorter lamp life if frequent switching

142
Q

Lamp Current crest factor (LCCF)

A

Ratio of peak lamp current to the RMS (average) lamp current. Lamp manufacturers require an LCCF of <1.7 for long lamp life

143
Q

How to calculate LLD

A

Mean lumens/Initial Lumens

144
Q

Luminance

A

Referred to as brightness of photometric brightness. Portion of lighting the eye perceives. Light reflected off or transmitted through a surface in a given direction

145
Q

Maintained Illuminance Level

A

Initial illumination level from luminaires adjusted for LLF’s

146
Q

Mean lumens

A

For fluorescent and HID typically measured at 40% life. HPS and Mercury measured at 50% life. Not typically measured for filament lamps

147
Q

Mercury Vapor Lamps

A

Produces light by passing an electric current through mercury vapor. Electrodes made of tungsten. Emission material slowly evaporates from electrode

148
Q

MH lamp

A

HID lamp in which visible light is produce by radition of metal halides. Bulbs can be clear or phosphor coated

149
Q

Power factor

A

Measure of the effectiveness with which an electrical devices converts volt-amperes to watts

150
Q

Programmed Rapid start

A

Method of starting fluorescent lamps where cathode heat is applied prior to the lamp being ignited. Preferred mode of lamp stating for applications with occ sensors or several on/off cycles per day. Same temperature as instant start

151
Q

Rapid start

A

Preheat cathodes. Slight starting delay. 50F

152
Q

TCLP (Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure)

A

EPA regulated test to determine whether waste is to be treated as hazardous or non-hazardous

153
Q

Trigger start

A

Circuit used to eliminate the start and start the preheat lamp almost instantly

154
Q

Tungsten Halogen Lamp

A

Gas filled tungsten incandescent lamp containing certain proportion of halogens

155
Q

RFI

A

Radio frequency interference

156
Q

IS

A

Instant Start ballast

157
Q

PS

A

Programmed Start

158
Q

RS

A

Rapid Start

159
Q

TCLP

A

Toxicity Characteristic leaching procedure

160
Q

EPACT

A

Energy Policy Act of 1992, min LPW, lamp labeling for incandescent and fluorescent. Requires all states to adopt a building code that meets or exceeds 90.1

161
Q

FEMP

A

Federal Energy Management Program provides guidance on lamp purchases

162
Q

RCRA

A

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 1990 - created the TCLP

163
Q

RSDR

A

Room Surface Dirt depreciation

164
Q

LBO

A

Lamp burnout factor - Ratio of illuminance (or exitance or luminance) provided when a lighting system is allowed to operate with a set number of lamps burned out to that provided when all lamps are operating

165
Q

First level analysis

A

Cost of light, simple payback, simple rate of return

166
Q

Second level analysis

A

LCCBA, Savings-investment ratio, internal rate of return

167
Q

BCD

A

Borderline between comfort and discomfort. Average luminance of a source produces a sensation b/w comfort and discomfort

168
Q

BRDF

A

Bidirectional reflectance distribution function - describe how light is reflected (output, color, angle) at an opaque surface.

169
Q

MF

A

Maintenance Factor

170
Q

RTP

A

Relative Task performance

171
Q

RVP

A

Relative visual performance

172
Q

VCP

A

Visual Comfort probability - Rating of a lighting system expressed as a % of people (in identical situations) who find the lighting acceptable in terms of discomfort glare. Higher is better

173
Q

Iris

A

Regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. Forms the colored visible part of the sys in front of the lens. Light entes through a central opening (pupil)

174
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent circular part of the front of the eyeball. Refracts light entering the eye onto the lens. Very sensitive to pain

175
Q

Lens

A

Behind the Iris/pupil. Helps refract incoming light and focus it onto the retina. Cataract is when lens becomes cloudy

176
Q

Choroid

A

Middle layer of eye between retina and sclera. Contains pigment that absorbs excess light to prevent blurred vision

177
Q

Ciliary Body

A

Part of the eye that connects the choroid to the iris

178
Q

Retina

A

Light sensitive layer that lines the interior of the eye. Contains rods and cones.

179
Q

Macula

A

Small central portion of the retina provides the clearest most distinct vision. When looking directly at something the light from that object forms an image on one macula

180
Q

Fovea

A

Center of macula. Cones only. To detect faint stars in the sky don’t look directly at them then the rods will pick it up

181
Q

Optic disk

A

Portion of the optic nerve found on the retina. Blind spot

182
Q

Optic nerve

A

Leaves the eye at the optic disk, transfers all visual information to the brain

183
Q

Sclera

A

White part of eye.

184
Q

Owner & Design team preferences & impressions

A

Programming
Space function
Building materials, room finishes, architectural style
Space plan, furniture style
Important features (ex. art & signage)
Comfort level and satisfaction of occupants
Need for flexibility of space function
Exterior features: image, security, landscape

185
Q

Visual and Perceptual needs

A

Programming
Age
Tasks to be performed, importance and duration
Times of occupancy
Psychological needs for light
Shape of task particularly in industrial areas

186
Q

Architectural opportunities and constraints

A

Programming
Architectural features, interior and exterior
Historical constraints
Ceiling heights, type
Plenum depth
Location and size of structural members and mechanical ducts
Window and skylight locations & orientations
Construction safety codes
Electrical system
Construction schedule
Landscape features

187
Q

Photometric considerations

A

Programming
Critical vision: task areas & immediate surround
General field of view: highlights and ambient
Distinct surround: circulation, transitional areas

188
Q

Budget

A

Programming
Initial cost (installed)
Maintenance and energy cost
Life-cycle cost

189
Q

Energy limitations

A

Programming
Energy code requirements
Incentive programs

190
Q

Maintenance considerations

A 
Programming
Lamp Performance
Type of environment
LDD
RSDD
Planned maintenance program
191
Q

Lighting effects

A 
Enlarging space
Smaller or more intimate
Grazing
Wall washing
Framing
Accent
Ambient
Visible fixtures
192
Q

How do you use light to enlarge a space

A

Indirect and ambient light. Bright and evenly lit ceiling, wall, and floor, high reflectance surfaces

193
Q

How do you use light to make a space look smaller/more intimate

A

Direct shielded luminaires recessed, concentrated beam spreads

194
Q

Typical lamp efficacies

A 
Incandescent - 10-40LPW
Halogen - 20-45
Fluorescent - 35-105
Mercury - 50-60
MH - 60-120
HPS- 60-140
195
Q

Typical lamp lumens

A 
100W A19 - 1500lm
100W Halogen T4 - 1800lm
32W CFL 4 pin - 2400lm
F32T8 - 2950lm
Fluorescent FP28T5 - 2600-2900lm
Pulse start 100W MH - 8500lm
100W HPS clear E17 - 9500lm
196
Q

What does NEC codify

A 
Sizing of wires and conduit
Mounting methods of fixtures and conduit
Sizing of breakers/dimmers/fuses
Wiring methods
Types of lighting for single residence, multi-residence, and commercial buildings
197
Q

Building Area method

A

Used in 90.1 - quick and simple process for calculating prescriptive interior lighting power allowance for whole building types.
LPA = Lighting power (watts) / Area

198
Q

Space by space method

A

Used in 90.1 - LPA calculated room by room

LPA = Lighting power (watts)/Area

199
Q

NEMA classification

A

Used on Floodlights only - Based on field angle
Higher field angle larger NEMA number
1-7
Results in horizontal and vertical ex. NEMA 5 X4

200
Q

ADAAG

A

Americans with Disability Act Accessibility guidance:
Size and height of wall sconces
Requirements for illuminated exit signs to provide sound and flashing light

201
Q

LEED optimization energy performance requirements required what percent below 90.1

A

Meet for qualification, additional points for each 10%

202
Q

Daylight penetration based on head height

A

1.5 - 2 X head height

203
Q

What % loading can you load a circuit?

A

80% for safety

204
Q

What lighting technology flickers at the end of it’s life

A

HPS

205
Q

IES Roadway and Area Luminaire Classifications: Type 1

A

oblong with small bumps forward and backward at center. Good for walkways, paths, and sidewalks. Narrower paths or roadway. Located on median

206
Q

IES Roadway and Area Luminaire Classifications: Type 2

A

oblong wider the one no bumps. Wide walkways, ramps, entrance roadways. Located near roadside.

207
Q

IES Roadway and Area Luminaire Classifications: Type 3

A

oblong wider than 2. General roadway lighting, parking areas. Larger area of light required.

208
Q

IES Roadway and Area Luminaire Classifications: Type 4

A

oblong wider than 3 (forward throw). Semi circular. Perimeter of parking areas and businesses.

209
Q

IES Roadway and Area Luminaire Classifications: Type 5

A

Circular

210
Q

IES Roadway and Area Luminaire Classifications: Type 6

A

Square with defined edge

211
Q

Atrium daylight technique

A

Large skylight at center of multi story building. Each level can get some sunlight.

212
Q

Clerestory

A

Vertical windows above eye level. Commonly additional roof pieces similar to a single saw on a sawtooth design

213
Q

What is 1 m in ft

A

3.28

214
Q

Initial Cost

A

Luminaire + Lamps + installation + labor + shipping

215
Q

Utility cost

A

hours x kw x $/kwh

216
Q

Maintenance cost

A

cost of lamps + cost of labor + business income loss during maintenance

217
Q

Apparent power

A

Measured in volt ampere. Beer and foam analogy

218
Q

Visual Acuity

A

Ability of the eye to discern detail.

Factors: size, luminance, constrast, time, and color

219
Q

For emergency lighting are photoluminescent paints and products sufficient for egress

A

No, they can be a supplement

220
Q

Max dist between exit signs

A

100ft

221
Q

Externally and internally lit exit signs

A

Externally lit exit signs must have constrast of 0.5 and 5fc. Internally lit signed must be tested to UL 924

222
Q

Halogen cycle

A

Tungsten atoms evaporate from filament.
Tungsten atoms combine with halogen atoms
Compound returns to filament redepositing tungsten
Halogen atoms released to recombine with other tungsten atoms

223
Q

Lamberts cosine law

A

Reflected or transmitted luminous intensity in any direction from an element of a perfectly diffusing surface will result in luminance being the same regardless of viewing angle.
Lambertian surface is perfectly matte

224
Q

NFPA 70 NEC EM

A

Uninterrupted power source when switching to EM power.

HID sources must provide continuous light when switched from normal to EM if part of EM system

225
Q

NFPA 101

A

Illumination levels.

Test procedure

226
Q

AFF

A

Above finished floor

227
Q

How do convex and concave lenses affect light

A

Convex lens focus rays to a focal point. Distance to focal point is focal length.
Concave lens spread light

228
Q

Factors to determine illuminance levels

A

Task Characteristics
Task importance
Observer characteristics

229
Q

What are submittals? Who writes them? When do you get submitted? Who reviews them?

A

All documentation created by the contractor detailing specific products, data, instructions, and other information regarding the build. Submitted in the Construction administration. Design team reviews

230
Q

What are shop drawings? Who writes them? When do you get them? Who reviews

A

Fabrication and installation drawings specific to the project. Contractor writes them and provides to the design team during the construction administration.

231
Q

When should group lamping be done

A

80% of rated life

232
Q

T12, T8, T5 which use the same socket? Can they use the same ballast?

A

T12 and T8. No require a ballast change

233
Q

Type A, Type B, Type C, and Dual what do they mean

A

Type A - Plug and play, Type B - Line voltage, Type C - New Driver, Dual mode - Plug and play or line voltage

234
Q

What is LCL?

A

Light center length

235
Q

Define Probe start

A

No ignitor, electrical contacts to ignite gas and remain lit - Old tech

236
Q

Define Pulse Start

A

2 contacts and ignitor, rapid restrike, quick start up - newer

237
Q

How does a PIR sensor work?

A

Detects heat from a body, direct line of sight needed

238
Q

How does ultrasonic work?

A

Shoots out ultrasonic waves and sees any distrortion that comes back. Do not need a line of sight

239
Q

Plug load controls

A

Any sensor that controls a power strip or outlet

240
Q

Typical spacing for illuminance measurements

A

2ft grid

241
Q

Overhead glare - what angles how many cd

A

above 55-60 deg, 12,000 cd/m2

242
Q

What percentage of daylit hours are needed to be considered effective daylight design

A

2/3

243
Q

For 90.1, automatic shut off is not required for what scenarios

A
  • Shop and Lab classrooms - safety
  • Spaces where an automatic shutoff would endanger the safety or security of the room or building occupants.
  • Lighitng required for 24/7 operation
244
Q

What are the lengths of T8 and T5

A

T8 - 47.8”

T5 - 45.8

245
Q

At what rated life % should you group relamp

A

60% - 90% rated life

246
Q

What percentage of lighting alterations is the trigger to comply with 90.1

A

20% as long as the lighting power is not increased which is also a trigger

247
Q

What does exceeding the RCR threshold for LEED help with?

A

Gives additional LPD increase = LPD base *0.2

248
Q

For Phase cut dimming, what are forward phase and reverse phase also called?

A

Forward Phase - Leading edge also known as triac

Reverse phase - Trailing edge also ELC - electronic low voltage

249
Q

What is the max luminance ratio for task to immediate background surface

A

3:1

250
Q

What is the max luminance ratio for task to dimmer distant background

A

10:1

251
Q

What is the max luminance ratio for task to brighter distant background

A

1:10

252
Q

What is the max luminance for task to daylights or luminaires

A

1:40

253
Q

What is the max luminance for negative polarity monitor in critical and normal sitations compared to bright ceiling/walls

A

4: 1 for critical
8: 1 for normal

254
Q

When looking at a linear fixture the plane that cuts through the short width is what? The plane that cuts through the longways is what?

A

Short width is - perpendicular, across, normal

Longways is - parallel, along

255
Q

Operating cost includes

A

Electricity, replacement lamps, cleaning, disposal

256
Q

What is the ADAAG requirement for illumination of elevators

A

5fc

257
Q

Within sustainable sites for LEED, light pollution allows what type of uplighting

A

Uplighting that is fully contained in the canopy

258
Q

What type of uplight contributes to skyglow?

A

Uplight low because it interacts with more air

259
Q

What is the min ceiling height when using indirect?

A

Must be at least 9’ high ceiling

260
Q

When mounting indirect fixture what height should they be aware form the ceiling?

A

18” Minimum

261
Q

What is more important for daylighting? Latitude or longitude?

A

Latitude.

262
Q

What type of lamp is a general service lamp

A

A type

263
Q

What lamp technology is an MR16

A

Halogen

264
Q

What are the primary colors

A

Red, green, and blue

265
Q

What is the visible spectrum

A

380nm - 770nm

266
Q

What nm are these colors:
Blue
Green
Red

A

400-500
500-600
600-700

NCQLP LC Prep (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions