Layout And Flow Flashcards
1
Q
What is layout?
A
- How its transforming resources are positioned relative to each other
- how it’s various tasks are allocated to these transforming resources
= the flow of transformed resources
2
Q
What is fixed position layout?
A
- transforms resources do not move between transforming resources
- the recipient of the processing is stationary
Ex; open heart surgery, construction site, high class service restaurant
3
Q
What is functional layout?
A
- similar resources or processes are located together
- as products, information or customers flow through the operations, they will take a route according to their needs
Ex; IKEA, hospital, super market
4
Q
What is cell layout?
A
- when transformed resources entering the operation are pre selected to move to one part of the operation in which all transforming resources are located
- lunch section, maternity unit at a hospital and some computer component manufacturer
5
Q
What is product layout?
A
- locating the transforming resources entirely for the convenience of the transformed resources
- sequence of activities that are required matches the sequence in which processes have been located
- cafeteria self service
6
Q
What are mixed layouts?
A
- combined elements of some or all of the basic layout types or use the lure basic layout types in different parts of the operation
7
Q
What are the advantages and disadvantages with fixed position layout?
A
Advantages:
- very high product and mix flexibility
- product and customer are not moved
- high variety of tasks for staff
Disadvantages:
- very high unit costs
- scheduling spaces and activities can be difficult
8
Q
What are the advantages and disadvantages with process layout?
A
Advantages:
- high product and mix flexibility
- relatively robust in case of disruptions
- easy to supervise
Disadvantages:
- low utilization
- can have very high WIP
- complex flow
9
Q
What are the advantages and disadvantages with cell layout?
A
Advantages:
- low unit costs for high volume
- opportunities for specialization of equipment
Disadvantages:
- can have low mix flexibility
- not very robust to disruption
- work can be very repetitive
10
Q
What are the steps in choosing layout?
A
Decision 1 (volume and variety): process type: Ex; project, jobbing, batch, mass, continuous processes or professional, service shops and mass customization
Decision 2 (strategic performance objectives): basic layout type: Ex; fixed position, process, cell, and product layout
Decision 3: detailed design of layout: the physical position of all transforming resources (flow of the operations ransomed resources)
11
Q
What different design techniques are needed for the layout types?
A
- Fixed position: resource location analysis
- Functional: flow charts and relationship charts (need information on area required by each work centre, load and direction of flow between each work centre, distance between work centers)
- Cell: flow analysis (need information on extent and nature of the cells, which resources to allocate to each cell)
- Product/line: assembly line balancing techniques (Info on cycle time, number of stages, task time variation, work time allocation, balancing techniques)
12
Q
What are the advantages of long thin arrangements?
A
- Controlled flow of materials or customers
- Simple material handling
- Lower capital requirements (every stage does not need the same expensive equipment)
- More efficient operation: higher proportion of productive work, due to lack of In Between tasks
13
Q
What are the advantages of the short fat arrangement?
A
- Higher mix flexibility: each stage of line can specialize in different types of the range of products or services
- Higher volume flexibility: does not need rebalancing like thin lines, can be closed down or started up as required
- Higher robustness: if one breaks down the others are not affected by it
- Less monotonous work: less repeat of same task
