Layers of the Earth Flashcards
Granite is much denser than basalt. True or False?
False. Basalt is much denser than Granite.
He is a German meteorologist and polar explorer who proposed the theory of Continental Drift.
Alfred Wegener
How does the earth clean and replenish the water supply?
It uses the Hydrologic Cycle
How many phases are there in water?
3
Hydrologists watch the water cycle carefully and study our impacts upon it. True or False?
True
It consists of several mobile plates, masses of crust that move independently of adjacent plates.
Plate
It deals with the structural features of the Earth.
Tectonics
This factor influences how quickly atoms and molecules move.
Temperature
It is a factor where organisms use light or chemical energy to run their life processes.
Energy From the Sun
It is a rock denser than rocks common in the crust.
Peridotite
It is a semi-rigid part of the middle mantle that flows like hot asphalt under a heavy weight.
Asthenosphere
It is an extensive plains that lie between continental margins and mid-oceanic ridges.
Abyssal Plains
It is an interconnected chain of mountain systems within the ocean.
Mid-Oceanic Ridges
It is caused by the rotation of the Earth.
Polar-Fleeing Force
It is composed of the melted metals of nickel and iron.
Outer Core
It is composed of very hot dense rock that flows like asphalt under a heavy weight.
Middle Mantle (technically Asthenosphere)
It is due to the attraction of the moon and the sun that develops tides.
Tidal Force
What is the Continental Crust made out of?
Basalt
It is made up of the crust and the upper layer of the mantle.
Lithosphere
It is relatively flexible - it flows like a very viscous liquid.
Mantle
It is the crust of the Earth that is broken into many pieces.
Plates
It is the densest planet in the solar system.
Earth
It is the largest layer of the Earth.
Mantle
It is the only planet in the solar system that supports life.
Earth
It is the outermost layer of the Earth.
Crust
It is the part of the mantle that moves and causes the tectonic plates of the crust to move as well.
Asthenosphere
It is the range of distance with the right temperatures for water to remain liquid.
Goldilocks Zone
It is the site where the plates move away from each other.
Spreading Sites
It is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of the water on the earth.
Hydrology
It is the study of the ocean.
Oceanography
It is the supercontinent from a very long time ago before it breaks into continents.
Pangaea
It is the thinnest layer of the Earth.
Crust
It is the zone of the ocean floor that separates the oceanic crust from the continental crust.
Continental Margins
It occurs when two plates grind past each other without destroying or reproducing the lithosphere.
Transform Boundaries
It uses science to ensure that we have access to easily available clean water.
Hydrologists
This is a process used by producers like plants to create their energy.
Photosynthesis
Plate Tectonics are the different pieces of the Earth’s crust that move around as they float on top of the mantle. True or False?
False, it is how these pieces move and interact with each other.
Sea-floor spreading occurs when magma rises to the surface and pushes the existing sea floor away from the ridges. True or False?
True
The continents cover at what percentage of the earth’s surface and the remainder of it by the oceans?
29%
The position of continents and ocean bodies have not been the same in the past. True or False?
True
These are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking again.
Convection Currents
These are large and continuous masses of land which are separated by expanses of water.
Continents
These are large water bodies on the Earth.
Ocean
These are the different pieces of the Earth’s crust that move around as they float on top of the mantle.
Tectonic Plates
These are the plate tectonics, volcanoes in underwater topography.
Sub-ocean
They use biology, chemistry, geology, math, and physics to study marine life, erosions, and wave currents.
Oceanographers
This is where the crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another.
Convergent Boundaries
This builds on the Theory of Continental Drift.
Theory of Plate Tectonics
This factor allows liquid water to exist on Earth’s surface which is favorable to life.
Temperature
This factor dissolves and transports chemicals within and to and from a cell.
Water
This factor is used to build and maintain an organism’s body.
Nutrients
This factor regulates the balance of water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
Atmosphere
This factor traps heat and shields the surface from harmful radiation.
Atmosphere
This is a factor where a planet requires a rapidly rotating magnetic field to protect it from flares.
Magnetic Field
This type of boundary happens when the new crust is generated as plates pull away from each other.
Divergent Boundaries
Water covers what percentage of the Earth’s surface?
71%
Water is an infinite source. True or False?
False, it is a finite source.
What are the 2 layers of the core?
Outer Core and Inner Core
What are the 2 Types of Crust?
Continental Crust, Oceanic Crust
What are the 2 Types of Water on Earth?
Saltwater and Freshwater
What are the 3 major divisions of the ocean floor?
Continental Margins, Abyssal Plains, Mid-Oceanic Ridges
What are the 3 types of Plate Boundaries?
Divergent, Convergent, and Transform Boundaries
What are the Continental Margins sub-divisions?
Continental Shelf, Continental Slope, and Continental Rise.
What are the factors that make Earth Habitable?
Temperature, Water, Atmosphere, Energy from the Sun, Nutrients, and Magnetic Field
What are the forces responsible for the drifting of continents?
Polar-Fleeing Force, and Tidal Force, and Sun
What are the layers of the Earth from top to bottom?
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
What are the layers of the Mantle?
Upper Mantle and Lower Mantle
What are the seven plates that make up the continents?
African Plate, Antarctic Plate, Eurasian Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, North American Plate, Pacific Plate, and South American Plate.
What are the three forms a Convergent Boundary can lie on?
Between an oceanic to continental plate, between two oceanic plates, and between two continental plates.
What do you call the location of the convergent boundaries to occur?
Subduction Zone
What is the Continental Crust mostly made out of?
Granite
What is the depth of the Continental Crust?
32km (25mi)
Where is the divergent boundary if it’s on the continent?
Rift Valley
What is the percentage of freshwater from frozen icecaps and glaciers?
2%
What is the percentage of freshwater in lakes and streams?
1%
What is the temperature at the temperature of the Mantle?
1600 °F (871 °C)
What is the thickness of the Earth’s crust beneath the oceans?
1-8km
What is the thickness of the Earth’s crust beneath the land?
5-35km
What is the thickness of the Mantle in kilometers?
2900km thick
What is the thickness of the outer core?
2250km thick
What is the upper part of the mantle made out of?
Peridotite
Which of the following is thinner? Continental Crust or Oceanic Crust?
Oceanic Crust
What protects life on Earth from the possible impact of meteoroids, comets, and asteroids? (A part of Earth)
Atmosphere
Where do the plates “float” on?
Asthenosphere
Where is the divergent boundary if it’s on the ocean?
Mid-oceanic Ridge
Who proposed the Sea-Floor Spreading and in what year?
Harry Hess in the 1960s
Why is the Earth the ONLY planet in the Solar System that can support life?
This is because it is just the right amount of distance from the sun to support life.
