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issues > Layers Of Knowledge & Study Design (Modules 2,3,4) > Flashcards

Layers Of Knowledge & Study Design (Modules 2,3,4) Flashcards

1
Q

Foundational knowledge

A

Textbooks, lecture material, training guidelines

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2
Q

Revisiting knowledge

A

Continuing education, checking old texts

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3
Q

Keeping current

A

Regularly scan table of contents of a few relevant journals

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4
Q

Specific interest

A

Specialization, practice focus, sport, injury

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5
Q

Original source

A

Work done by authors

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6
Q

Summary sources

A

Aggregation of many sources/articles:
1 systematic reviews
2 meta-analysis
3 guidelines + Evidence-based textbooks
4 narrative review

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7
Q

Systematic reviews

A

Specific treatment questions
All available articles/studies
Critical appraisal of included articles

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8
Q

Meta-analysis

A

Specific treatment question
Critical appraisal of included articles
provides combined stats

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9
Q

Guidelines + Evidence based textbooks

A

Answers broad scope of questions
All available articles/studies
Critical appraisal

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10
Q

Narrative review

A

Answer range of questions on treatment, condition, or both
not all articles/studies
no critical appraisal
Simple summary of findings

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11
Q

Importance of original article

A

Much is lost in translation(think of game telephone)

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12
Q

How useful is a source?

A

Quality- is it well done?
Relevance - will it matter to my patients?
Effort - time it takes to read/interpret

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13
Q

The 6 A’s

A

1 Analyze
2 Ask
3 Acquire
4 Appraise
5 Apply
6 Assess

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14
Q

The 6 A’s: #1

A

Analyze - look at practice/procedure, etc.

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15
Q

The 6 A’s: #2

A

Ask - formulate question (PICO)

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16
Q

The 6 A’s: #3

A

Acquire - find studies

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17
Q

The 6 A’s: #4

A

Appraise - evaluate studies: quality, relevance, effort

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18
Q

The 6 A’s: #5

A

Apply - put into practice

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19
Q

The 6 A’s: #6

A

Asses - how did it work?

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20
Q

Doctor as an authority?

A

Everyday there are over 12.5 million searches conducted online regarding healthcare

21
Q

How much health info is available?

A

~30% of medical info is available

22
Q

How good is google at healthcare?

A

7% of medical info

23
Q

Just a PubMed search?

A

No one database has it all

24
Q

How much research do I have access to VS. how much do I use?

A

(See Image)
Total research done on mother earth > published evidence > indexed evidence > evidence I can find > evidence I can access > evidence that I choose to use

25
Q

Boolean

A

Combining concepts:
- AND narrows
- OR broadens
- NOT narrows
- “around + near” broaden

26
Q

Searchable questions

A

PICOS:
Patient description
Intervention used
Comparison group
Outcome
Study design

27
Q

Translation literature (summary source)

A

How do I use this in my office?

28
Q

What’s the latest:

A

Original work (new journal articles)
Abstracts (conferences)
Ongoing studies (clinicaltrials.gov)
Proposed research (NIH funding)

29
Q

Descriptive VS Analytic

A

What’s happening? VS. How exactly does this happen?

30
Q

All studies (13) SEE HIERARCHY CHART

A

SEE HIERARCHY CHART
Survey, Qualitative, Experimental, Observational, Randomized parallel, Randomized crossover, Cohort, Cross-sectional, Case study, Case-control, Basic science, Descriptive, Analytic

31
Q

Studies: Survey

A

Questionnaires

32
Q

Studies: Qualitative

A

General description

33
Q

Studies: Experimental

A

Intervention

34
Q

Studies: Observational

A

Risk, exposures, effects (real world)

35
Q

Studies: Randomized parallel

A

2 groups - intervention VS control

36
Q

Studies: Randomized crossover

A

2 groups - intervention AND control

37
Q

Studies: Cohort

A

Identify exposure, follow prospectively

38
Q

Studies: Cross-sectional

A

All people at doctor’s office that walk through door

39
Q

Studies: Case study

A

Interesting case + treatment

40
Q

Studies: Case-control

A

Find population w/ condition then look back to find factors

41
Q

Studies: Basic science

A

General biologic principles

42
Q

Studies: Descriptive

A

Any study that isn’t experimental

43
Q

Studies: Analytic

A

Hypothesis testing difference btwn 2 groups

44
Q

Observational study types

A

Case report
Case-control
Cross-sectional
Cohort
Case series

45
Q

RCT

A

2 groups assigned randomly - intervention VS control
Can establish cause + effect, & minimize bias
ALWAYS prospective

46
Q

When won’t an RCT work?

A

Small disease prevalence
Can’t blind treatment
Treatment may cause harm
No access to many subjects
Too costly

47
Q

Single blinding

A

Clinician or patient

48
Q

Double blinding

A

Any 2 of the 3 (clinician, patient, assessor)

49
Q

Triple blinding

A

Clinician, patient, AND assessor

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