Layers, Ligaments, etc

Question 1

Which GI structures are retroperitoneal?

Answer 1

Esophagus, 2-4nd duodenum, pancreas, asc/desc colon, rectum (mostly).

Question 2

Which non-GI structures are retroperitoneal?

Answer 2

Aorta, IVC, adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters

Question 3

What does the falciform ligament connect?

Answer 3

Liver to anterior abdominal

wall

Question 4

What structures are contained within the falciform ligament?

Answer 4

Ligamentum teres hepatis
(derivative of fetal umbilical
vein)

Question 5

What is the falciform ligament a derivative of?

Answer 5

Ventral mesentery

Question 6

What does the hepatoduodenal ligament connect?

Answer 6

Liver to duodenum

Question 7

What does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?

Answer 7

Portal triad: proper hepatic
artery, portal vein, common
bile duct

Question 8

What is the pringle maneuver?

Answer 8

Ligament may be compressed between

thumb and index finger placed in omental foramen to control bleeding

Question 9

What does the hepatoduodenal ligament border?

Answer 9

The omental foramen, which connects the greater and lesser sacs

Question 10

What does the gastrohepatic ligament connect?

Answer 10

Liver to lesser curvature of stomach

Question 11

What does the gastrohepatic ligament contain?

Answer 11

Gastric arteries

Question 12

What does the gastrohepatic ligament separate?

Answer 12

Greater and lesser sacs

Question 13

What does the gastrocolic ligament connect?

Answer 13

Greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon

Question 14

What does the gastrocolic ligament contain?

Answer 14

Gastroepiploic arteries

Question 15

What is the gastrocolic ligament a part of?

Answer 15

The greater omentum

Question 16

What does the splenorenal ligament connect?

Answer 16

Spleen to posterior abdominal wall

Question 17

What does the splenorenal ligament contain?

Answer 17

Splenic artery and vein, tail of pancreas

Question 18

What are the four layers of gut wall?

Answer 18

Muscosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa

Question 19

Where are the two nerve plexuses in the gut wall?

Answer 19

Meissner’s - Submucosa

Auerbach’s - Muscularis, in between inner circular and outer longitudinal layer

Question 20

What is the basal frequency (slow waves) of the stomach?

Answer 20

3 waves / min

Question 21

What is the basal frequency of the duodenum?

Answer 21

12 waves/min

Question 22

What is the basal frequency of the ileum?

Answer 22

8-9waves/min

Question 23

Histological findings of the esophagus?

Answer 23

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 24

Histological findings of the stomach?

Answer 24

Gastric glands

Question 25

Histological findings of the duodenum?

Answer 25

Villi and microvilli increase absorptive surface.

Brunner glands and crypts of Lieberkühn.

Question 26

What are Brunner glands and where are they found?

Answer 26

Bicarb secreting glands of the duodenum.

Question 27

What are the crypts of Lieberkunh and where are they found?

Answer 27

Intestinal crypts that contain a base of replicating stem cells, Paneth cells of the innate immune system, and goblet cells, which produce mucous.
Found in duo, jej, ileum, and colon - no paneth cells in colon.

Question 28

Histological findings of the jejunum?

Answer 28

Plicae circulares and crypts of Lieberkühn.

Question 29

What are the plicae circulare?

Answer 29

Large flaps projecting into the lumen of the small intestine. Composed of two layers of mucosa and some submucosa. Do not straighten out when intestine is distended.

Question 30

Histological findings of the ileum?

Answer 30

Peyer patches (lymphoid aggregates), plicae circulares (proximal 
ileum), and crypts of Lieberkühn.
Largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine.

Question 31

Which layers are Peyer’s patches found in?

Answer 31

Lamina propria, submucosa

Question 32

Histological findings of the colon?

Answer 32

Colon has crypts of Lieberkühn but no villi; abundant goblet cells.