Layers, Ligaments, etc Flashcards
Which GI structures are retroperitoneal?
Esophagus, 2-4nd duodenum, pancreas, asc/desc colon, rectum (mostly).
Which non-GI structures are retroperitoneal?
Aorta, IVC, adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters
What does the falciform ligament connect?
Liver to anterior abdominal
wall
What structures are contained within the falciform ligament?
Ligamentum teres hepatis
(derivative of fetal umbilical
vein)
What is the falciform ligament a derivative of?
Ventral mesentery
What does the hepatoduodenal ligament connect?
Liver to duodenum
What does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?
Portal triad: proper hepatic
artery, portal vein, common
bile duct
What is the pringle maneuver?
Ligament may be compressed between
thumb and index finger placed in omental foramen to control bleeding
What does the hepatoduodenal ligament border?
The omental foramen, which connects the greater and lesser sacs
What does the gastrohepatic ligament connect?
Liver to lesser curvature of stomach
What does the gastrohepatic ligament contain?
Gastric arteries
What does the gastrohepatic ligament separate?
Greater and lesser sacs
What does the gastrocolic ligament connect?
Greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon
What does the gastrocolic ligament contain?
Gastroepiploic arteries
What is the gastrocolic ligament a part of?
The greater omentum
What does the splenorenal ligament connect?
Spleen to posterior abdominal wall
What does the splenorenal ligament contain?
Splenic artery and vein, tail of pancreas
What are the four layers of gut wall?
Muscosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa
Where are the two nerve plexuses in the gut wall?
Meissner’s - Submucosa
Auerbach’s - Muscularis, in between inner circular and outer longitudinal layer
What is the basal frequency (slow waves) of the stomach?
3 waves / min
What is the basal frequency of the duodenum?
12 waves/min
What is the basal frequency of the ileum?
8-9waves/min
Histological findings of the esophagus?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Histological findings of the stomach?
Gastric glands
Histological findings of the duodenum?
Villi and microvilli increase absorptive surface.
Brunner glands and crypts of Lieberkühn.
What are Brunner glands and where are they found?
Bicarb secreting glands of the duodenum.
What are the crypts of Lieberkunh and where are they found?
Intestinal crypts that contain a base of replicating stem cells, Paneth cells of the innate immune system, and goblet cells, which produce mucous.
Found in duo, jej, ileum, and colon - no paneth cells in colon.
Histological findings of the jejunum?
Plicae circulares and crypts of Lieberkühn.
What are the plicae circulare?
Large flaps projecting into the lumen of the small intestine. Composed of two layers of mucosa and some submucosa. Do not straighten out when intestine is distended.
Histological findings of the ileum?
Peyer patches (lymphoid aggregates), plicae circulares (proximal ileum), and crypts of Lieberkühn. Largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine.
Which layers are Peyer’s patches found in?
Lamina propria, submucosa
Histological findings of the colon?
Colon has crypts of Lieberkühn but no villi; abundant goblet cells.
