Laws and Regulation¨

Question 1

What are some challenges with WW?

Answer 1

o To save resources
 To obtain pure nutrients on arable land, or so they may otherwise be included in the natural cycles. (“Resource management”)
 No food shall be wasted
o To keep the soil clean from chemicals
 Should sewage sludge really be spread on farmland, with respect to pollution?

Question 2

Describe sustainable development

Answer 2

o That today’s generation utilizes natural resources without making it difficult for future generations to utilize the resources
o The Brundtland Commission, 1987
 An independent UN Commission

Question 3

What does the EU legislation say about sustainable development?

Answer 3

o EU Treaty art. 3.3
 EU shall work for sustainable development… and a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environment
o EU Treaty art. 21.3
 EU should help develop international measures to preserve and improve the quality of the environment and the sustainable management of global natural resources, in order to ensure sustainable development

Question 4

What is waste?

Answer 4

 any substance or object which the holder disposes of or intends or is obliged to dispose of

Question 5

Describe by-products?

Answer 5

 Continues to be used
 Produced as an integral part of the production
 Does not contravene law

Question 6

When does waste cease to be waste?

Answer 6

 It can be used for specific purposes
 There is a market for the product
 Meets applicable regulations
 Does not lead to generally negative consequences

Question 7

What is the EU action plan for circular economy?

Answer 7

o Contains initiatives for
 waste management
 the market for recycled materials
o Critical raw materials sector given particular priority

Question 8

What does the Swedish Environmental Code promote?

Answer 8

o Promote sustainable development for current and future generations

Question 9

How should The Swedish Environmental Code be applied?

Answer 9

 Human health and environment are protected against damage and inconvenience
 Reuse and recycling of materials and energy is promoted
* Ch. 2. Sec. 5.
Everyone who conducts an operation or takes action must save on raw materials and energy and take advantage of the opportunities to 1. reduce the amount of waste, 2. reduce the amount of harmful substances in materials and products; Reduce the negative effects of waste; and 4. recycle waste. In the first instance, renewable energy sources must be used.
* Generally applicable but can only be applied in individual cases. Each case assessed separately

Question 10

What is BAT?

Answer 10

o Best available technology
 Ch. 2. Sec. 3.
 Also applicable to resource management

Question 11

What are the Swedish National Environmental Quality Objectives?

Answer 11

Goal concering the environment.
Not legally binding, but legally relevant. Must be considered in each case
o A non-toxic environment
 Will not be achieved
o Zero eutrophication
 Will not be achieved

Question 12

What is the generational goal?

Answer 12

o The overall goal of environmental policy is to pass on to the next generation a society where the major environmental problems are solved, without causing increased environmental and health problems outside Sweden’s borders

Question 13

What does the law on public water say?

Answer 13

Municipalities have to arrange water services
Technology neutral.
Must be waste-based systems.
And full fill the environmental and health protection requirements,
AND the public system must also full fill the Environmental Code, such as ch. 2 sec.

Question 14

What is the eco-cycle principle?

Answer 14

What is extracted from nature must be able to be used,
reused, recycled or finally disposed of in a sustainable
way with the least possible consumption of resources
and without harming nature

Question 15

Describe the main principals of the Swedish Environmental Code

Answer 15

Everyone who conducts an operation or takes action must save on
raw materials and energy and take advantage of the opportunities
to
1. reduce the amount of waste,
2. reduce the amount of harmful substances in materials and
products;
3. Reduce the negative effects of waste; and
4. recycle waste

Question 16

Describe the resource conservation principle

Answer 16

Applying the resource conservation principle means for example,
that a resourceand energyefficient process is use d in
manufacturing of goods. The intention is that the application of
these principles will lead the development towards a more
resourceefficient society regarding raw materials and materials and
environmentally friendly production of goods

Question 17

What are the steps of the waste hierarchy

Answer 17

Prevent
Reuse
Recycle
Recover
Dispose

Question 18

Describe the producers responsibility

Answer 18

Anyone who places a substance or object that has ceased to be waste
on the market for the first time must ensure that the substance or
object meets the applicable requirements of law and other statutes.