Law of procedures

Question 1

Courts of law

Answer 1

Structure:
 district courts (court of first instance)
 county courts (court of first instance or appeal)
 high courts of appeal
 Supreme Court (second appeal, harmonised decisions)

Question 2

Jurisdiction (subject) and competence (geographical area)

Answer 2

 protect the order of the state and society, citizens’ rights and legal interests
 punish those who committed a crime
 educate to respect law by impose,
executing and enforcing punishment
 control legality of state administrative orders
impartiality ensured by:
 independence of judges: not influenced or
ordered
 election of judges (Parliament, President):
diploma in law, experience and practice, clear
past record)
 participation of the society in judgment (lay
assessors)
 publicity
 appealable decisions

Question 3

Public prosecutor’s office

Answer 3

Structure:
 Municipal prosecutor’s office
 County prosecutor’s office
 Appellate prosecutor’s office
 Chief Prosecutor’s Office (Public Prosecutor General)
 Jurisdiction and competence = courts

Question 4

Participants of the Criminal procedure

Answer 4

Participants:
 court (judge/s)
 public prosecutor
 investigative authority (police, public prosecutor,
border guard, customs and finance guard)
 accused person
 injured party
 private prosecutor (e.g. libel, invasion of privacy)
 substitute civil suitor
 representatives

Question 5

Responsibilities of the public prosecutors office:

Answer 5

 Control and protection of legality in all fields
 Prosecution of crimes
 Protection of citizenship rights
 Control, supervision of legality of procedures
 Representation of prosecution in legal proceedings
 Participation in private cases
 Supervision of penitentiary system
 Order, supervise or carry out investigations

Question 6

Participants of the Civil suit

Answer 6

 court (judge/s)
 (public prosecutor)
 plaintiff: voluntary role
 defendant: forced role
 intercessor: legal interest, voluntary (e.g.
insurance company) or accepted role
 representatives

Question 7

Evidences of the Criminal procedures

Answer 7

 witness testimony,
 forensic expert opinion(s),
 physical evidences,
 documents,
 inspection

Question 8

impartiality ensured by:

Answer 8

 independence of judges: not influenced or
ordered
 election of judges (Parliament, President):
diploma in law, experience and practice, clear
past record)
 participation of the society in judgment (lay
assessors)
 publicity
 appealable decisions