Law and Ethics Flashcards
positives of computers in the workplace
- more effective communications
- removal of humans in construction processes
shifting skill sets
automated decision making
computers make decisions and take actions based on sets of pre-defined rules and parameters without human involvement
Artificial intelligence
writing software and algorithms which appear to behave as if they were intelligent
Data mining
automated process which looks at large sets of data and tries to identify patterns in order to predict something
censorship
the deliberate supression of material, either in the form of what can be published or what can be accessed
DPA year
1998
CMA year
1990
CDPA year
1988
RIPA year
2000
Data Protection act
sets out requirements for the control or storage of individuals personal data.
In a company the data controller has to control the processing and storage of data based on the data subject.
Data Protection Act parts
Data processed fairly and lawfully
Data should only be collected for specific purposes
Data should be relevant and not excessive
Data should be accurate and up to date
Data should not be kept longer than needed
The user has a right to access and correct data
The organisation must have suitable security
Data can not be transferred outside the UK to any country with no data protection laws
The Computer Misuse Act
makes unauthorized access to computer systems illegal:
The intent to commit or facilitate commission of further offences with intent to impair the operating of a computer
Copy Right Design and Patents Act
protects the intellectual property rights of individuals and organisations. This law makes it illegal to Copy, Modify or Distribute any software or any other intellectual property without permission of the original creator.
The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act
gives certain bodies the right to monitor communications and internal activity. It was made due to modern threats from criminals and terrorist organizations.
RIPA Grants rights to:
- Demand ISPs provide access to a customer’s surveillance
- Demand ISPs fit equipment to facilitate surveillance
- Demand access be granted to protected information
- Prevent existence of such interception activities being revealed in court
Data subject
the individual about whom the data is stored
Data Controller
The person who is responsible for implementing the provisions of the DPA within an organisation.
Environmental issues (3)
- airborne dioxins & radioactive isotopes
- to avoid the cost of recycling waste is shipped to third world countries
- modern computers consume alot of power
Uses of monitoring (4)
- performance in a workplace role
- tagging criminals
- driving/insurance costs
- internet activity
Data mining uses (3)
- helps stop organised crime
- strategic decision in businesses
- spotting patterns and helping scientific discoveries
Colour paradigms
- colours may have different meaning in different societies which is important to consider for a global market.
- colourblind may have difficulties
Layout
- different cultures prefer different designs e.g. western culture prefer simpler designs but in japan/korea they prefer a busier more colour layout.
- different languages use different amounts of space which will mess up the layout
- pictures mean different things
- some countries write their text from right to left
negatives of computers in the workforce (3)
- Organisations have become dependent on computers
- Increased stress and other health issues
- Distractions & Disconnectedness
Give examples of where automate decision making is used. (4)
- Brain scans- treatment required
- Shut off decision in energy grid
- Specific deals to specific customers
- Transport- optimise seat pricing
disadvantages of automated decision making (4)
- Transfer of power from human to computer
- Unanticipated effects
- Obscuring responsibility- who is to blame if wrong?
- Less jobs
advantages of AI (4)
- Take on stressful/complex work that humans can’t
- Complete the task faster than a human can with less errors
- We can discover unexplored things i.e. outer space
- The function is infinite
disadvantages of AI (4)
- Lacks the “human touch”
- Unemployment
- Can malfunction and do the opposite of what they are programmed to do
- Can be misused leading to mass scale destruction & May corrupt younger generations
environmental positives of computer (4)
- helps develop sustainable materials
- helps monitor environment better
- paperless communication
- smarter technologies (lights turn off when you leave etc)
issues with censorship (3)
- violation of rights
- widening social gaps
- cost - is it worth it?
most censored countries
North Korea Burma Cuba Saudi Arabia Iran China Syria Tunisia
benefits with monitoring behaviour (3)
- inexpensive
- increase employee productivity
- stop inappropriate behaviour
issues with monitoring behaviour (3)
- distrust/ hostility
- wasting resources
- undermine professional nature
piracy
Unauthorised copying of software
advantages of automated decsion making (2)
- Reduces decision time
- Increases employee productivity
offensive communications
Harassing others via the internet
how to protect personal information
- passwords
- encryption
- firewalls
- User IDs and tracking (access logs)
- physical security e.g. locks
- tell people the measures that have been taken
