Law

Question 1

Intellectualize

V

Answer 1

1 to deal with or explain things by thinking about them in a logical way
2 To make intellectual; to seek or consider the rational content or form of; to analyze

ɪntɪlektʃuəlaɪz

Question 2

Within

Answer 2

1 inside it or surrounded
2 happens or exists inside i society, organization, or system
3 within a particular limit or set of rules, it does not go beyond it or is not more than what is allowed.
4 within sight, within earshot, or within reach, you can see it, hear it, or reach it.
5 before a particular period of time has passed; during a particular period of time
6 not further than a particular distance from sth

wɪðɪn

Question 3

Framework

N

Answer 3

1set of beliefs, ideas or rules that is used as the basis for making judgements, decisions, etc.
2 parts of a building or an object that support its weight and give it shape
3 structure of a particular system (for, of)

freɪmwɜːʳk

Question 4

Core

N

Answer 4

1 The most important or central part of something
2 The core of an object, building, or city is the central part of it
3 A core team or a core group is a group of people who do the main part of a job
4 The hard central part of a fruit such as an apple, that contains the seeds
5 The core of something such as a problem or an issue is the part of it that has to be understood or accepted before the whole thing can be understood or dealt with
6 In a school or college, core subjects are a group of subjects that have to be studied.
7 The core businesses or the core activities of a company or organization are their most important ones.

kɔːʳ

Question 5

Core

V

Answer 5

If you core a fruit, you remove its core

kɔːʳ

Question 6

Referable

Adj

Answer 6

Относящийся, на который ссылаются

rɪˈfɜːrəbl

Question 7

Primary

Adj

Answer 7

1 Developing or happening first; earliest.
2 You use primary to describe something that is very important.
3 Connected with the education of children between the ages of about five and eleven.

praɪməri

Question 8

Judge-made

Adj

Answer 8

Based on a judge’s interpretation or decision

Question 9

Decisional

Adj

Answer 9

Ответственный за принятие решений

Question 10

Decisional law

Answer 10

Право принятия решений

Question 11

Precedential

Answer 11

1. of, involving, or serving as a precedent (an official action or decision that has happened in the past and that is seen as an example or a rule to be followed in a similar situation later)
2. having precedence - (over somebody/something) the condition of being more important than somebody else and therefore coming or being dealt with first

ˌprɛsɪˈdɛnʃəl

Question 12

Prior

Adj

Answer 12

1 Happening or existing before something else or before a particular time.
2 Already existing and therefore more important. A prior claim or duty is more important than other claims or duties and needs to be dealt with first.

praɪəʳ

Question 13

prior to

Answer 13

before something

praɪəʳ

Question 14

Regarding

Answer 14

relating to somebody/something; about sb/sth

rɪgɑːʳdɪŋ

Question 15

Conduct

V

Answer 15

1 conduct something (formal) - to organize and/or do a particular activity
2 If you conduct someone to a place, you go there with them.
3 conduct yourself + adv./prep. (formal) - to behave in a particular way

kəndʌkt

Question 16

Conduct

N

Answer 16

1 The conduct of a task or activity is the way in which it is organized and carried out.
2 Someone’s conduct is the way they behave in particular situations.

kɒndʌkt

Question 17

Affair

N

Answer 17

1 Events that are of public interest or political importance
2 An event that people are talking about or describing in a particular way
3 A sexual relationship between two people, usually when one or both of them are already in a relationship with somebody else.
4 Matters connected with a person’s private business and financial situation
5 A thing that somebody is responsible for (and that other people should not be interested in)
6. An object that is unusual or difficult to describe

əfeəʳ

Question 18

Negligence

N

Answer 18

Failure to exercise the care toward others which a reasonable or prudent person would do in the circumstances, or taking action which such a reasonable person would not. Negligence can result in all types of accidents causing physical and/or property damage, but can also include business errors and miscalculations.

ˈneɡlɪdʒəns

Question 19

Prudent

N

Answer 19

Sensible and careful when you make judgements and decisions; avoiding unnecessary risks.

ˈpruːdnt

Question 20

Miscalculation

N

Answer 20

A wrong judgement about a situation or in making a calculation.

ˌmɪskælkjuˈleɪʃn

Question 21

Defamation

N

Answer 21

The act of making untrue statements about another which damages his/her reputation.

ˌdefəˈmeɪʃn

Question 22

Nuisance

N

Answer 22

The unreasonable, unwarranted and/or unlawful use of property, which causes inconvenience or damage to others, either to individuals and/or to the general public.

ˈnjuːsns

Question 23

Breach of contract

Answer 23

Failing to perform any term of a contract, written or oral, without a legitimate legal excuse.

briːtʃ əv ˈkɒnˌtrækt

Question 24

Real property

Answer 24

1. All land, structures, firmly attached and integrated equipment (such as light fixtures or a well pump), anything growing on the land, and all “interests” in the property, which may include the right to future ownership (remainder), right to occupy for a period of time (tenancy or life estate), the right to drill for oil, the right to get the property back (a reversion) if it is no longer used for its current purpose (such as use for a hospital, school or city hall), use of airspace (condominium) or an easement across another’s property. Real property should be thought of as a group of rights.
2. One of the principal areas of law like contracts, negligence, probate, family law and criminal law.

Question 25

Firmly | Adv

Answer 25

In a strong or definite way | ˈfɜːmli

Question 26

Fixture | N

Answer 26

1 A thing such as a bath or toilet that is fixed in a house and that you do not take with you when you move house. 2 If you describe someone or something as afixture in a particular place or occasion, you mean that they always seem to be there. | ˈfɪkstʃə(r)

Question 27

Pump | N

Answer 27

1. насос 2. machine with a tube that you use to fill a car with petrol. 3. Pumps are canvas shoes with flat rubber soles which people wear for sports and leisure. (красовки) - GB 4. Pumps are women's shoes that do not cover the top part of the foot and are usually made of plain leather. (балетки)- US | pʌmp

Question 28

Pump | V

Answer 28

1 To pump a liquid or gas in a particular direction means to force it to flow in that direction using a pump. 2 If you pump money or other resources into something such as a project or an industry, you invest a lot of money or resources in it. 3 If you pump someone about something, you keep asking them questions in order to get information. 4 To pump bullets into someone means to fire a lot of bullets into them very quickly. | pʌmp

Question 29

Easement | N

Answer 29

The right to use the real property of another for a specific purpose. The easement is itself a real property interest, but legal title to the underlying land is retained by the original owner for all other purposes. Typical easements are for access to another property. | ˈiːzmənt

Question 30

Probate | N

Answer 30

1. The process of proving a will is valid and thereafter administering the estate of a dead person according to the terms of the will. 2. A general term for the entire process of administration of estates of dead persons, including those without wills, with court supervision. | proʊbeɪt

Question 31

Probate | V

Answer 31

To prove a will in court and proceed with administration of a deceased's estate under court supervision | proʊbeɪt

Question 32

Probate | Adj

Answer 32

Reference to the appropriate court for handling estate matters, as in "probate court." | proʊbeɪt

Question 33

Disposition | Law

Answer 33

The court's final determination of a lawsuit or criminal charge. The disposition of money or property is the act of giving or distributing it to a number of people. | ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃn

Question 34

Disposition | N

Answer 34

1 meone's disposition is the way that they tend to behave or feel. 2 If you refer to the disposition of a number of objects, you mean the pattern in which they are arranged or their positions in relation to each other. | ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃn

Question 35

Disposition to/towards something | disposition to do something

Answer 35

a quality of tending to behave in a particular way. A disposition to do something is a willingness to do it. | formal

Question 36

Upon

Answer 36

1 If one thing is upon another, it is on it. 2 You use upon between two occurrences of the same noun in order to say that there are large numbers of the thing mentioned. 3 If an event is upon you, it is just about to happen. | əˈpɒn

Question 37

Estate | law

Answer 37

Someone's estate is all the money and property that they leave behind them when they die. | ɪˈsteɪt

Question 38

Estate | N

Answer 38

1 An estate is a large area of land in the country which is owned by a person, family, or organization. 2 An area of land with a lot of houses or factories of the same type on it 3 A car with a lot of space behind the back seats and a door at the back for loading large items. - GB | ɪˈsteɪt

Question 39

Deceased | Adj

Answer 39

A deceased person is one who has recently died | dɪˈsiːst

Question 40

Deceased | N

Answer 40

The person who has died, as used in the handling of his/her estate, probate of will and other proceedings after death, or in reference to the victim of a homicide (as: "The deceased had been shot three times.") In probate law the more genteel word is the "decedent." | dɪˈsiːst

Question 41

Ultimately | Adv

Answer 41

1 Ultimately means finally, after a long and often complicated series of events. 2 At the most basic and important level. You use ultimately to indicate that what you are saying is the most important point in a discussion. | ʌltɪmətli

Question 42

Derive | V

Answer 42

1 If you derive something such as pleasure or benefit from a person or from something, you get it from them. 2 If you say that something such as a word or feeling derives or is derived from something else, you mean that it comes from that thing | dɪraɪv

Question 43

Overlay | N

Answer 43

There can be an emotional overlay to the frustration of solving real problems. | ˌəʊvəˈleɪ ˌəʊvərˈleɪ

Question 44

Overlay | V

Answer 44

1 Overlay something (with something) (specialist) to put something on top of a surface so as to cover it completely; to lie on top of a surface. 2 To add something, especially a feeling or quality, to something else so that it seems to cover it. If something is overlaid with a feeling or quality, that feeling or quality is the most noticeable one, but there may be deeper and more important ones involved. | ˌəʊvəˈleɪ ˌəʊvərˈleɪ

Question 45

Strain | V

Answer 45

1. To strain something means to make it do more than it is able to do. 2. If you strain a muscle, you injure it by using it too much or twisting it. 3. If you strain to do something, you make a great effort to do it when it is difficult to do. 4. When you strain food, you separate the liquid part of it from the solid parts. | streɪn

Question 46

Strain | N

Answer 46

1. (UNCOUNTABLE) Strain is a state of worry and tension caused by a difficult situation. 2. (SINGULAR) If you say that a situation is a strain, you mean that it makes you worried and tense. 3. (UNCOUNTABLE) Strain is a force that pushes, pulls, or stretches something in a way that may damage it. 4. Strain is an injury to a muscle in your body, caused by using the muscle too much or twisting it. 5. You can use strain to refer to a particular quality in someone's character, remarks, or work. [SINGULAR] 6. A particular type of plant or animal, or of a disease caused by bacteria, etc. [countable] 7. The sound of music being played or sung. [countable, usually plural] 8. 8. If strain is put on an organization or system, it has to do more than it is able to do. | streɪn

Question 47

Lawsuit | N

Answer 47

A common term for a legal action by one person or entity against another person or entity, to be decided in a court of law, sometimes just called a "suit." The legal claims within a lawsuit are called "causes of action." | ˈlɔːsuːt

Question 48

Determination | N

Answer 48

1 Determination is the quality that you show when you have decided to do something and you will not let anything stop you. 2 The process of deciding something officially 3 The act of finding out or calculating something | dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn dɪˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃn

Question 49

Formerly | Adv

Answer 49

If something happened or was true formerly, it happened or was true in the past. "in the past" | ˈfɔːməli ˈfɔːrmərli

Question 50

Possess | V

Answer 50

1 If someone or something possesses a particular quality, ability, or feature, they have it. (formal) 2 If a feeling or belief possesses you, it strongly influences your thinking or behavior. | pəˈzes

Question 51

possess something | (formal)

Answer 51

to have or own something | pəˈzes

Question 52

possess sb to do sth

Answer 52

(used in negative sentences and questions) to make sb do sth that seems strange or unreasonable | pəˈzes

Question 53

Distinctive | Adj

Answer 53

Something that is distinctive has a special quality or feature which makes it easily recognizable and different from other things of the same type. | dɪˈstɪŋktɪv

Question 54

Distinguish | V

Answer 54

1 If you can distinguish one thing from another or distinguish between two things, you can see or understand how they are different. 2 A feature or quality that distinguishes one thing from another causes the two things to be regarded as different, because only the first thing has the feature or quality. 3 If you can distinguish something, you can see, hear, or taste it although it is very difficult to detect. 4 If you distinguish yourself, you do something that makes you famous or important. | dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ

Question 55

Substantive | Adj

Answer 55

Dealing with real, important or serious matters. Substantive negotiations or issues deal with the most important and central aspects of a subject. | səbˈstæntɪv ˈsʌbstəntɪv

Question 56

Procedural | Adj

Answer 56

Involving or following a formal procedure. | prəˈsiːdʒərəl

Question 57

Subordinate | Adj

Answer 57

1. Someone who is subordinate to you has a less important position than you and has to obey you. 2. Something that is subordinate to something else is less important than the other thing. | səˈbɔːdɪnət səˈbɔːrdɪnət

Question 58

Subordinate | V

Answer 58

If you subordinate something to another thing, you regard it or treat it as less important than the other thing. | səˈbɔːdɪnət səˈbɔːrdɪnət

Question 59

Subordinate | N

Answer 59

If someone is your subordinate, they have a less important position than you in the organization that you both work for. | səˈbɔːdɪnət səˈbɔːrdɪnət

Question 60

Statutory | Adj

Answer 60

Statutory means relating to rules or laws which have been formally written down. Fixed by law; that must be done by law. | ˈstætʃətri ˈstætʃətɔːri

Question 61

Statutory law

Answer 61

Written law passed by a body of legislature | ˈstætʃətri ˈstætʃətɔːri

Question 62

Case law

Answer 62

Reported decisions of appeals courts and other courts which make new interpretations of the law and, therefore, can be cited as precedents. These interpretations are distinguished from "statutory law," which is the statutes and codes (laws) enacted by legislative bodies; "regulatory law," which is regulations required by agencies based on statutes; and in some states, the common law, which is the generally accepted law carried down from England.

Question 63

Statute | N

Answer 63

1 A federal or state written law enacted by the Congress or state legislature, respectively. 2 A law that is passed by a parliament, council, etc. and formally written down. 3 A formal rule of an organization or institution | ˈstætʃuːt

Question 64

Factually

Answer 64

Something that is factual is concerned with facts or contains facts, rather than giving theories or personal interpretations. | ˈfæktʃuəli

Question 65

Thus

Answer 65

You use thus to show that what you are about to mention is the result or consequence of something else that you have just mentioned. If you say that something is thus or happens thus you mean that it is, or happens, as you have just described or as you are just about to describe. | ðʌs

Question 66

Odds | N

Answer 66

1 The degree to which something is likely to happen. You refer to how likely something is to happen as the odds that it will happen. 2 In betting, odds are expressions with numbers such as '10 to 1' and '7 to 2' that show how likely something is thought to be, for example how likely a particular horse is to lose or win a race. 3 Sth that makes it seem impossible to do or achieve something. | ɒdz ɑːdz

Question 67

Scheme | N

Answer 67

1. A scheme is a plan or arrangement involving many people which is made by a government or other organization. 2. A scheme is someone's plan for achieving something. (especially one that involves cheating other people) | skiːm

Question 68

Scheme | V

Answer 68

If you say that people are scheming, you mean that they are making secret plans in order to gain something for themselves. | skiːm

Question 69

Generality | N

Answer 69

1 A generality is a general statement that covers a range of things, rather than being concerned with specific instances. 2 The generality of a statement or description is the fact that it is a general one, rather than a specific, detailed one. 3 If someone refers to the generality of a group of people or things, they mean the majority of that group. | ˌdʒenəˈræləti

Question 70

Protectorate | N

Answer 70

A country that is controlled and protected by a more powerful country. | prəˈtektərə

Question 71

Comprehensive | Adj

Answer 71

1. Something that is comprehensive includes everything that is needed or relevant. Including all, or almost all, the items, details, facts, information, etc., that may be involved. 2. (of a victory or defeat) gained or lost by a large amount. Adj/N - In Britain, a comprehensive is a state secondary school in which children of all abilities are taught together. (of education) designed for students of all abilities in the same school. | ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv

Question 72

Matter | N

Answer 72

1. (countable) A matter is a task, situation, or event which you have to deal with or think about, especially one that involves problems. 2. (plural) You use matters to refer to the situation you are talking about, especially when something is affecting the situation in some way. The present situation, or the situation that you are talking about. 3. (singular) a situation that involves something or depends on something. If you say that a situation is a matter of a particular thing, you mean that that is the most important thing to be done or considered when you are involved in the situation or explaining it. 4. (uncountable) Printed matter consists of books, newspapers, and other texts that are printed. Reading matter consists of things that are suitable for reading, such as books and newspapers. 5. (uncountable) Physical substance that everything in the world is made of; not mind or spirit. 6. (uncountable) You use matter to refer to a substance or things of a particular sort. - Add plenty of organic matter to improve the soil. - elimination of waste matter from the body - There were small lumps of matter floating on the surface. 7. (singular) You use matter in expressions such as 'What's the matter?' or 'Is anything the matter?' when you think that someone has a problem and you want to know what it is. 8. (singular) You use matter in expressions such as 'a matter of weeks' when you are emphasizing how small an amount is or how short a period of time is. | ˈmætə(r) ˈmætər

Question 73

Matter | V

Answer 73

To be important or have an important effect on sb/sth. | ˈmætə(r) ˈmætər

Question 74

a state of affairs

Answer 74

a situation

Question 75

as a matter of fact

Answer 75

1 used to add a comment on something that you have just said, usually adding something that you think the other person will be interested in 2 used to disagree with something that somebody has just said - actually

Question 76

be another/a different matter

Answer 76

to be very different

Question 77

be no laughing matter

Answer 77

​to be something serious that you should not joke about

Question 78

the fact (of the matter) is (that)…

Answer 78

used to emphasize a statement, especially one that is the opposite of what has just been mentioned

Question 79

for that matter

Answer 79

used to add a comment on something that you have just said

Question 80

it’s just/only a matter of time (before…)

Answer 80

used to say that something will definitely happen, although you are not sure when

Question 81

(as) a matter of course

Answer 81

(as) the usual and correct thing to do

Question 82

a matter of hours, minutes, etc. | a matter of inches, metres, etc.

Answer 82

only a few hours, minutes, etc.

Question 83

a matter of life and/or death

Answer 83

used to describe a situation that is very important or serious

Question 84

a matter of record

Answer 84

something that has been recorded as being true | (formal)

Question 85

no matter

Answer 85

used to say that something is not important

Question 86

no matter who, what, where, etc.

Answer 86

used to say that something is always true, whatever the situation is, or that somebody should certainly do something

Question 87

Applicable | Adj

Answer 87

That can be said to be true in the case of sb/sth. Something that is applicable to a particular situation is relevant to it or can be applied to it. applicable to sb/sth | əˈplɪkəbl ˈæplɪkəbl