Law 12 Vocab Chapter 1 Flashcards
Adversarial system
A process where evidence is presented by 2 opposing parties to an impartial jury or judge.
Assizes
Assizes are traveling courts.
Case law/Common law
A method of deciding a case based on the past decisions of similar cases.
Code of Hammurabi
Written in Babylon in the 18th century BCE by King Hammurabi, it’s one of the earliest known sets of recorded laws.
Code of Li K’vei
A set of Chinese laws that were recorded around 350 BCE.
Codified
To be recorded and arranged systematically.
Divine right
The idea that monarchs had received there power from god, and that only god could judge them. Passed on to monarchs successors.
Great laws of Manu
Laws in India that were originally carried by word of mouth compiled between 1280 and 880 BCE.
Habeas Corpus
A court order that ensured anyone who is detained must be brought before a court in a reasonable amount of time. Translated from latin “you must have the body.”
Justinian’s Code
The clarification and organization of Roman law issued by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian the First
Magna Carta
A charter that recognized individual basic rights for the people of England that was signed in 1215 by King John.
Mosaic Law
(10 commandments) Hebrew/Biblical law found in the Old Testament.
Napoleonic Code
A set of laws commissioned by Napoleon in 1804.
Quebec Civil Code
System of law used in Quebec for resolving private matters, and was based off the French Civil Code.
Restitution
Punishment that requires the offender to pay the victim or society back for harm/loss caused by the crime.
Retribution
Punishment of an offender based on vengeance or satisfaction of the public.
Rule of Law
3-part principle of justice stating that the law is needed to regulate society and have order. The law applies to everyone equally. People are not governed by an arbitrary power.
Rule of precedent
Applying previous decisions of a case to a current case that has similar circumstances.
Stare decisis
Translated from Latin meaning “stand by the decision.” To abide by previous decisions.
The Great Binding Law (Gaynashagowa)
Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy that outlined many of the same principles and justice/fairness found in modern civil rights documents.
Trial by combat
Determining the guilt or innocence by having the parties involved take part in a duel.
Trial by oath helping
Requiring a friend of the accused to swear on the BIble that he or she is innocent.
Trial by ordeal
requiring the accused to undergo various means of torture to determine guilt of innocence.
Circuit Judges
The judges of travelling courts.
