Law 12 Vocab Chapter 1

Question 1

Adversarial system

Answer 1

A process where evidence is presented by 2 opposing parties to an impartial jury or judge.

Question 2

Assizes

Answer 2

Assizes are traveling courts.

Question 3

Case law/Common law

Answer 3

A method of deciding a case based on the past decisions of similar cases.

Question 4

Code of Hammurabi

Answer 4

Written in Babylon in the 18th century BCE by King Hammurabi, it’s one of the earliest known sets of recorded laws.

Question 5

Code of Li K’vei

Answer 5

A set of Chinese laws that were recorded around 350 BCE.

Question 6

Codified

Answer 6

To be recorded and arranged systematically.

Question 7

Divine right

Answer 7

The idea that monarchs had received there power from god, and that only god could judge them. Passed on to monarchs successors.

Question 8

Great laws of Manu

Answer 8

Laws in India that were originally carried by word of mouth compiled between 1280 and 880 BCE.

Question 9

Habeas Corpus

Answer 9

A court order that ensured anyone who is detained must be brought before a court in a reasonable amount of time. Translated from latin “you must have the body.”

Question 10

Justinian’s Code

Answer 10

The clarification and organization of Roman law issued by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian the First

Question 11

Magna Carta

Answer 11

A charter that recognized individual basic rights for the people of England that was signed in 1215 by King John.

Question 12

Mosaic Law

Answer 12

(10 commandments) Hebrew/Biblical law found in the Old Testament.

Question 13

Napoleonic Code

Answer 13

A set of laws commissioned by Napoleon in 1804.

Question 14

Quebec Civil Code

Answer 14

System of law used in Quebec for resolving private matters, and was based off the French Civil Code.

Question 15

Restitution

Answer 15

Punishment that requires the offender to pay the victim or society back for harm/loss caused by the crime.

Question 16

Retribution

Answer 16

Punishment of an offender based on vengeance or satisfaction of the public.

Question 17

Rule of Law

Answer 17

3-part principle of justice stating that the law is needed to regulate society and have order. The law applies to everyone equally. People are not governed by an arbitrary power.

Question 18

Rule of precedent

Answer 18

Applying previous decisions of a case to a current case that has similar circumstances.

Question 19

Stare decisis

Answer 19

Translated from Latin meaning “stand by the decision.” To abide by previous decisions.

Question 20

The Great Binding Law (Gaynashagowa)

Answer 20

Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy that outlined many of the same principles and justice/fairness found in modern civil rights documents.

Question 21

Trial by combat

Answer 21

Determining the guilt or innocence by having the parties involved take part in a duel.

Question 22

Trial by oath helping

Answer 22

Requiring a friend of the accused to swear on the BIble that he or she is innocent.

Question 23

Trial by ordeal

Answer 23

requiring the accused to undergo various means of torture to determine guilt of innocence.

Question 24

Circuit Judges

Answer 24

The judges of travelling courts.