latino studies midterm Flashcards
Chicanx
A gender-inclusive term for people of Mexican descent in the U.S., emphasizing cultural identity and social justice.
Latinx
A gender-neutral term used to refer to people of Latin American descent.
Encomienda system
spanish conquistadors granted legal rights to extract forced labor from indigenous people in exchange for protection and civilizing via :christianity.
Empire
A large political structure that extends control over diverse territories and peoples, often through conquest or colonization
Treaty of Tordesillas
A 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal that divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between the two nations.
Spanish caste system:
A hierarchical social structure established in colonial Spain: Peninulares,
Creoles
mestizos, mulatos
natives, African descent
La Malinche
An indigenous woman who served as an interpreter and advisor to Hernán Cortés during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.
Manifest Destiny
Us westward expansion to the pacific and beyond
Imbued with us exceptionalism and anglo-racial supremacy
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
US purchased florida from spain.
Wanted to expanded plantations and
became a place of refuges for indigenous people and run away slaves
Texas War of Independence(1836)
After Mexican independence Texas wanted anglo settlers to move in.
Anglos settlers sought to use slave labor in Texas
Anglos settlers sought to use slave labor in Texas, slavery becomes main causes of successions
Mexican American War (1846 - 1848)
During the Mexican American War, Mexico lost half its territory, leading to displacement, discrimination against Mexicans in the new U.S. territories, and significant cultural and political upheaval
Monroe Doctrine:
Allowed the U.S. to intervene in Latin America, often supporting authoritarian leaders.
It led to American companies exploiting resources and creating dependency.
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This prompted nationalist movements that sought to assert independence and resist foreign control
Roosevelt Corollary:
An extension of the Monroe Doctrine
asserting the right of the U.S. to intervene in Latin America to maintain stability.
Us racial hierarchy
a system in which socially constructed racial categories are used as a basis
for allocating resources.
Centered on white supremacy. Approaches to included diplomacy at first, military campaigns, incentives for assimilation, taking of land, genocide.
Approach to African slaves- seen as property. One-drop rule.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The 1848 treaty that ended the Mexican American War,
resulting in Mexico ceding significant territory to the U.S. (California and New Mexico)
