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BIOL 2420 - MICROBIOLOGY > Latin Root Used in Microbiology > Flashcards

Latin Root Used in Microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Latin Rules of Grammar

A
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2
Q

a-, an-

A

absence, lack.

Examples: abiotic, in the absence of life; anaerobic, in the absence of air.

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3
Q

-able

A

able to, capable of.

Example: viable, having the ability to live or exist.

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4
Q

actino-

A

ray.

Example: actinomycetes, bacteria that form star-shaped (with rays) colonies.

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5
Q

aer-

A

air.

Examples: aerobic, in the presence of air; aerate, to add air.

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6
Q

albo-

A

white.

Example: Streptomyces albus produces white colonies.

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7
Q

ameb-

A

change.

Example: ameboid, movement involving changing shapes.

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8
Q

amphi-

A

around.

Example: amphitrichous, tufts of flagella at both ends of a cell.

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9
Q

amyl-

A

starch.

Example: amylase, an enzyme that degrades starch.

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10
Q

ana-

A

up.

Example: anabolism, building up.

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11
Q

ant-, anti-

A

opposed to, preventing.

Example: antimicrobial, a substance that prevents microbial growth.

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12
Q

archae-

A

ancient.

Example: archaeobacteria, “ancient” bacteria, thought to be like the first form of life.

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13
Q

asco-

A

bag.

Example: ascus, a baglike structure holding spores.

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14
Q

aur-

A

gold.

Example: Staphylococcus aureus, gold-pigmented colonies.

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15
Q

aut-, auto-

A

self.

Example: autotroph, self-feeder.

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16
Q

bacillo-

A

a little stick.

Example: bacillus, rod-shaped.

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17
Q

basid-

A

base, pedestal.

Example: basidium, a call that bears spores.

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18
Q

bdell-

A

leech.

Example: Bdellovibrio, a predatory bacterium.

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19
Q

bio-

A

life.

Example: biology, the study of life and living organisms.

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20
Q

blast-

A

bud.

Example: blastospore, spores formed by budding.

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21
Q

bovi-

A

cattle.

Example: Mycobacterium bovis, a bacterium found in cattle.

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22
Q

brevi-

A

short.

Example: Lactobacillus brevis, a bacterium with short cells.

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23
Q

butyr-

A

butter.

Example: butyric acid, formed in butter, responsible for rancid odor.

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24
Q

campylo-

A

curved.

Example: Campylobacter, curved rod.

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25
Q

carcin-

A

cancer.

Example: carcinogen, a cancer-causing agent.

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26
Q

caseo-

A

cheese.

Example: caseous, cheeselike.

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27
Q

caul-

A

a stalk.

Example: Caulobacter, appendaged or stalked bacteria.

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28
Q

cerato-

A

horn.

Example: keratin, the horny substance making up skin and nails.

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29
Q

chlamydo-

A

covering.

Example: chlamydoconidia, conidia formed inside hypha.

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30
Q

chloro-

A

green.

Example: chlorophyll, green-pigmented molecule.

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31
Q

chrom-

A

color.

Examples: chromosome, readily stained structure; metachromatic, intracellular colored granules.

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32
Q

chryso-

A

golden.

Example: Streptomyces chryseus, golden colonies.

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33
Q

-cide

A

killing.

Example: bactericide, an agent that kills bacteria.

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34
Q

cili-

A

eyelash.

Example: cilia, a hairlike organelle.

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35
Q

cleisto-

A

closed.

Example: cleistothecium, completely closed ascus.

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36
Q

co-, con-

A

together.

Example: concentric, having a common center, together in the center.

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37
Q

cocci-

A

a berry.

Example: coccus, a spherical cell.

38
Q

coeno-

A

shared.

Example: coenocyte, a cell with many nuclei not separated by septa.

39
Q

col-, colo-

A

colon.

Examples: colon, large intestine; Escherichia coli, a bacterium found in the large intestine.

40
Q

conidio-

A

dust.

Example: conidia, spores developed at the end of aerial hypha, never enclosed.

41
Q

coryne-

A

club.

Example: Corynebacterium, club-shaped cells.

42
Q

-cul

A

small form.

Example: particle, a small part.

43
Q

-cut

A

the skin.

Example: Firmicutes, bacteria with a firm cell wall, gram-positive.

44
Q

cyano-

A

blue.

Example: cyanobacteria, blue-green pigmented organisms.

45
Q

cyst-

A

bladder.

Example: cystitis, inflammation of the urinary bladder.

46
Q

cyt-

A

cell.

Example: cytology,the study of cells.

47
Q

de-

A

undoing, reversal, loss, removal.

Example: deactivation, becoming inactive.

48
Q

di-, diplo-

A

twice, double.

Example: diphlococci, pairs of cocci.

49
Q

dia-

A

through, between.

Example: diaphragm, the wall through or between two areas.

50
Q

dys-

A

difficult, faulty, painful.

Example: dysfunction, disturbed function.

51
Q

ec-, ex-, ecto-

A

out, outside, away from.

Example: excrete, to remove materials from the body.

52
Q

en-, em-

A

in, inside.

Example: encysted, enclosed in a cyst.

53
Q

entero-

A

intestine.

Example: Enterobacter, a bacterium found in the intestine.

54
Q

eo-

A

dawn, early.

Example: Eobacterium, a 3.4-billion-year-old fossilzed bacterium.

55
Q

epi-

A

upon, over.

Example: epidemic number of cases of a disease over the normally expected number.

56
Q

erythro-

A

red.

Example: erythema, redness of skin.

57
Q

eu-

A

well, proper.

Example: eukaryote, a proper cell.

58
Q

exo-

A

outside, outer layer.

Example: exogenous, from outside the body.

59
Q

extra-

A

outside, beyond.

Example: extracellular, outside the cells of an organism.

60
Q

firmi-

A

strong.

Example: Bacillus firmus forms resistant endospores.

61
Q

flagell-

A

a whip.

Example: flagellum, a projection from a cell; in eukaryotic cells, it pulls cells in a whiplike fashion.

62
Q

flav-

A

yellow.

Example: Flavobacterium cells produce yellow pigment.

63
Q

fruct-

A

fruit.

Example: fructose, fruit sugar.

64
Q

-fy

A

to make.

Example: magnify, to make larger.

65
Q

galacto-

A

milk.

Example: glactose, monosaccharide from milk sugar.

66
Q

gamet-

A

to marry.

Example: gamete, a reproductive cell.

67
Q

gastr-

A

stomach.

Example: gastritis, inflammation of the stomach.

68
Q

gel-

A

to stiffen.

Example: gel, a solidified colloid.

69
Q

-gen

A

an agent that initiates.

Example: pathogen, any agent that produces disease.

70
Q

-genesis

A

formation.

Example: pathogenesis, production of a disease.

71
Q

germ-, germin-

A

bud.

Example: germ, part of an organism capable of developing.

72
Q

-gony

A

reproduction.

Example: schizogony, multiple fission producing may new cells.

73
Q

gracili-

A

thin.

Example: Aquaspirillum gracile, a thin cell.

74
Q

halo-

A

salt.

Example: halophile, an organism that can live in high salt concentrations.

75
Q

haplo-

A

one, single.

Example: haploid, half the number of chromosomes or one set.

76
Q

hema-, hemato-, hemo-

A

blood.

Example: Haemophilus, a bacterium that requires nutrients from red blood cells.

77
Q

hepat-

A

liver.

Example: hepatitis, inflammation of the liver.

78
Q

herpes

A

creeping.

Example: herpes, or shingles, lesions appear to creep along the skin.

79
Q

hetero-

A

different, other.

Example: heterotroph, obtains organic nutrients from other organisms; other feeder.

80
Q

hist-

A

tissue.

Example: histology, the study of tissues.

81
Q

hom-, homo-

A

same.

Example: homofermenter, an organism that produces only lactic acid from fermentation of a carbohydrate.

82
Q

hydr-, hydro-

A

water.

Example: dehydration, loss of body water.

83
Q

hyper-

A

excess.

Example: hypertonic, having a greater osmotic pressure in comparison with another.

84
Q

hypo-

A

below, deficient.

Example: hypotonic, having a lesser osmotic pressurein comparison with another.

85
Q

im-

A

not, in.

Example: impermeable, not permitting passage.

86
Q

inter-

A

between.

Example: intercellular, between the cells.

87
Q

intra-

A

within, inside.

Example: intracellular, inside the cell.

88
Q

io-

A

violet.

Example: iodine, a chemical element that produces a violet vapor.

89
Q

iso-

A

equal, same.

Example: isotonic, having the same osmotic pressure when compared with another.

90
Q

-itis

A

inflammation of.

Example: colitis, inflammation of the large intestine.

91
Q
A

BIOL 2420 - MICROBIOLOGY (2 decks)

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