Latin Independence Flashcards
Size of Spanish empire
Most of the lands in the Americas
Most important providences
New Spain and Peru
Simon Bolivar
Was a wealthy Venezuelan
Spent many years traveling
1810 His army kicks Spanish government out of Venezuela
1811 new constitution: Venezuela independent of Spanish rule
Miguel Hidalgo
Catholic priest in town of Dolores
Began the struggle for Mexico’s independence
September 16th, 1810: “Cry of Dolores”
Army of Mestizos and Native Americans rallied behind Hidalgo
Toussain LOuverture
Former slave in Haiti (freed in 1777)
1791: led a huge slave revolt against the French army
1795: his army helped the French defeat the Spanish
He was Governor General of Haiti
Mestizo
People of mixed Native American and European ancestry
Criollo
Spanish-born parents, but was born in Latin America
Mulattoes
People of mixed African and European ancestry
Haiti’s independence
LOuverture army was outraged; it took up arms again against France
November 1803: defeated the last French forces
1804: declared Haiti’s independence
Mexico’s independence
1821: Mexico gained independence from Spain
Mexico celebrates September 16th as its Independence Day
The president rings a bell in Mexico City and repeats Hidalgo’s “Cry of Dolores”
The treatment of native Americans
They were the least powerful class
they were forced to work on plantations
Also worked in mines after sliver was discovered
Many died from overwork, malnutrition, or diseases
The emergence of slavery
Diseases decimated Native American population
European settlers needed workers for plantations
Colonists began importing African slaves to supplement Native American labor
The triangular trade
Ships leaving Europe first stoped in Africa; they traded European goods for captives taken in tribal wars or raids
They traveled to America; slaves for sugar+other island products
Ships returned home
