Latin Grammar Q & A Flashcards
The Genitive singular of First Declension nouns is
-ae
Gender of 1st Declension Nouns
Feminine unless they name a male person or profession
The subject case is
Nominative case
Subjects and verbs agree in:
Person andnumber
The direct object case is:
Accusative case
What is the position of the verb in aLatin sentence?
usually last
What is the position of adverbs?
immediately before the word it modifies
What case is used for possessives and “of” phrases?
Genitive case
What is the gender of 2nd declension nouns?
-us masculine, -um neuter
What is a unique characteristic of ALL neuter nouns and adjectives?
Nominative and Accusative are alike in singular and plural
What is the indirect object, or “to/for”, case?
Dative case
Prepositions take either of what two cases?
Accusative or Ablative
Give the case these prepositions take: propter, cum, post, in.
propter and post take Accusative ,cum and in take Ablative.
What case is the Predicate nominative case?
Nominative case
What is the position of sum and its forms?
anywhere in the sentence
What is the Genitive singular ending of 3rd declension nouns?
-is
What is the Natural Gender rule and how is it applied?
Applies to ALL declensions; male person is masculine, female person is feminine
In 3rd declension, what is the acronym to identify feminine nouns?
SOX
In 3rd declension, what is the acronym to identify masculine nouns?
ERROR
In 3rd declension,what is the acronym to identify Neuter nouns?
LANCET
A noun that is put beside another noun to rename or explain it is called what?
Appositive
What is the agreement rule for Appositives?
An appositive agrees with its noun in number and case.
How do you say “there is” and “there are” in Latin?
est, sunt
Give the nom. and gen. singular for the Latin words meaning “river” and “journey.”
flumen, fluminis, iter, itineris
Give the Nom. and Gen. singular of the Latin words meaning “body” and “wound.”
corpus, corporis,vulnus, vulneris
Give the Nom. and Gen. singular of the Latin words for “column” and “name.”
agmen, agminis, nomen, nominis
Name the 6 neuter 3rd declension nouns in alphabetical order!
agmen, corpus, flumen, iter, nomen, vulnus
What is the Genitive singular ending of 4th declension nouns?
-us
What is the gender of 4th declension nouns?
mostly masculine
Give the Genitive singular ending of 5th declension nouns
-ei
What is the gender of 5th declension nouns?
mostly feminine
How many groups of adjectives are there?
2
What are the two groups of adjectives called?
1st and 2nd declension, 3rd declension.
What is the Adjective/Noun agreement rule?
Adjective agrees with its noun in Gender, Number, and case
What is the Position rule for adjectives?
Quantity adjective precedes its noun, Quality adjectives usually follow
What is the Predicate adjective case?
Nominative
What case does the preposition “pro” ALWAYS take?
Ablative
In expressions of place, what does pro mean?
In front of or before
In expressions with nouns naming persons, what does pro mean?
On behalf of or for
3rd declension adjectives ending in is, e in the Nom. singular are declined how?
like gravis, grave
What adjectives govern cases?
cupidus, plenus, finitimus, similis
What case does cupidus, a, um govern?
Genitive
What case does plenus, a, um govern?
Genitive or Ablative
What case does finitimus, a, um govern?
Dative
What case does similis, e govern?
Genitive or Dative
In English and Latin verbs change their form to show what 3 things?
tense, person, number
All verbs belonging to 1st conjugation have an infinitive ending in what?
-are
The final personal endings of Latin verbs are:
o, s, t; mus, tis, nt
What are the 3 ways to translate a present tense Latin verb? Use “praise” in your examples.
I praise, I do praise, I am praising
What time does the Latin imperfect tense express?
continuing action in the past
What is the imperfect tense sign (1st and 2nd Conjugation)?
Ba
What time does Future tense express?
action that will take place in the future
What is the future tense sign (1st and 2nd Conjugation)?
Bi
All 2nd conjugation verbs have their 2nd principal part (infinitive) ending in what?
ere with a macron
What does a direct reflexive pronoun do?
refers back to the subject of its own clause
All 3rd conjugation verbs have an infinitive ending in what? (2nd principal part)
-ere without a macron
What is the rule of agreement for pronouns?
It agrees in gender and # to its noun (L11); the case by its use in its own clause (L24)
What is the ending of the 2nd principal part of all 4th conjugation verbs?
-ire
What is an intransitive verb?
A verb that cannot take a direct object in the Accusative case.
What 3rd person pronoun is used to refer back to the subj of its own clause?
sui, sibi, se, se
What are the meanings
of 3rd person direct
reflexive pronoun?
himself, herself, itself, themselves
What is a
postpositive
conjunction?
A conjunction that cannot stand first in a sentence or clause.
Is autem a postpositive conjunction?
yes
Is itaque a postpositive conjunction?
No.
Is enim a postpositive conjunction?
Yes.
What are the four principal parts of 4th conj. verbs?
io, ire, ivi itus
“Per” is a preposition
that takes what case
and means what?
Accusative; through
What are the 4
principal parts of the
“to be” verb?
sum, esse, fui, futurus
What are the meanings
of the 4 principle parts
of “sum”?
I am, to be, I was (have been), about to be
What are the 4 principal
parts of the compound of
“sum” meaning “am
away”?
absum, abesse, afui, afuturus
On which principal part is
the perfect tense (active)
formed (L15)?
3rd principal part
What are the
possessive adjectives of
the 1st person (L16)?
meus, a, um; noster, nostra, nostrum
What are the
possessive adjectives of
the 2nd person (L16)?
tuus, a, um; vester, vestra, vestrum
How do 1st & 2nd person
possessive adjectives
agree with their nouns
(L16)?
Gender, Number, Case
What position do 1st & 2nd person possessive adjectives take (L16)?
Usually follows the noun it modifies
When is a verb in
the Active voice?
When the Subject is performing the action of the verb.
When is a verb in
the Passive voice?
When the subject is the one receiving the action of the verb.
When does “in”
take the Accusative
case?
When there is movement or motion expressed.
When does “in”
take the Ablative
case?
When there is no idea of movement or motion.
When does
posuerunt mean
“pitched”?
when used with castra
When does agunt
mean “give”?
when it has gratias for its object
When does gratia
mean “grace”?
only in Christian Latin
“Forest” is
translated into
what # in Latin?
in the plural
“Enemy” (singular in
English) is translated
into what # in Latin?
plural
How are 1st & 2nd
declension adjectives
declined?
us, i; a, ae; um, a
In Christian Latin,
where is “sanctus”
usually placed?
before its noun
How is Jesus’s
name declined in
Latin?
Jesus, Jesu, Jesu, Jesum, Jesu
All 1st conj. verbs’
infinitives end in
what?
-are
What are the endings of
regular 1st conj. verbs’ 4
principal parts?
o, are, avi, atus
What are the 4
principal parts of
“do, dare”?
do, dare, dedi, datus, 1, tr.
What word for “winter
quarters” is always
used in the plural?
hīberna
What happens to
locus in the plural?
it becomes neuter
What does “ōrātiō”
mean in Christian
Latin?
prayer
What does “ōrātiō”
mean in
regular/classical Latin?
speech
How do you
conjugate sum in
the present tense?
sum, es, est;
sumus, estis, sunt
How is “tū”
declined
(singular)?
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē
How is “vōs”
declined?
vōs,
vestrī/vestrum,
vōbis, vōs, vōbis
How do 3rd conj. verbs
end in the infinitive (2nd
principal part)?
-ere without a
macron
When does “ponō”
mean “pitch”?
when used with
“castra”
When ponō is modified
with an “in”-phrase, what
case does “in” take?
the Ablative
always
How do 4th conj. verbs
end in infinitive (2nd
princ. part)?
-īre
How does Henle
identify
intransitive verbs?
4th principal part
is -um
What is unique about
proelium when used
in the Ablative (L16)?
the preposition
“in” is not used
What preposition usually
accompanies absum and
what does it mean?
ab; from
Genitive singular of 1st declension nouns.
-ae
Gender of 1st decl. nouns
1st. decl.nouns are feminine unless they name a male, like nauta.
Subject case
Nominative
