Latin grammar

Question 1

What passives take the r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur endings?

Answer 1

The present and the imperfect passive

Question 2

How is the present passive translated?

Answer 2

( he ) is ( being ) x-ed

Question 3

How is the imperfect passive translated?

Answer 3

x was being x-ed

Question 4

What kind of passive is docebar?

Answer 4

imperfect passive

It has r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur endings and -ba- inbetween

Question 5

What kind of passive is trahitur and how is it translated?

Answer 5

trahitur is a present passive

( it has r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur endings but doesnt have -ba- inbetween)

It is translated as he is (being) dragged

Question 6

How is a perfect passive formed?

Answer 6

The perfect passive is composed of two things:

• a perfect passive participle ( e.g portatus)
• and it is followed by the present tense of sum

!Tip!
Remember that in the singular it is like portatus
While in the plural it changes to -i e.g portati

Question 7

How are perfect passives translated?

Answer 7

Perfect passives can be translated in two ways:

For example with auditus sum it can be translated as:

• I was heard
• or I have been heard

Another example is with tracti sumus
It can be translated as :
- we were dragged
- or we have been dragged

Question 8

What passive is doctus es and how is it translated?

Answer 8

doctus es is a perfect passive

It is translated I was taught or as I have been taught

Question 9

How is a pluperfect passive formed?

Answer 9

A pluperfect passive is formed by :

• a perfect passive participle ( e.g. portatus
• and the imperfect tense of sum (eram)

Question 10

How is a pluperfect passive translated?

Answer 10

A pluperfect passive is translated as:
I had been x-ed
e.g. tractus eram =
I had been dragged

Question 11

What passive is auditus eras and how is it translated?

Answer 11

auditus eras is a pluperfect passive
( because pluperfect passives have eram instead of sum and also it is composed of a ppp)

It is translated as: you (s) had been dragged

Question 12

In what three ways can purpose clauses be used with?

Answer 12

With ut
With qui
With ubi
All three are translated differently

Question 13

How is a purpose clause constructed?

Answer 13

A purpose clause is constructed with the infinitive + m, s, t, mus, tis, nt endings
Along with ut, qui, ubi at the beginning

Question 14

How is a purpose clause with ut translated?

Answer 14

A purpose clause with ut can be translated as :

• in order to….
• so that
• or just “to”

Question 15

How is a purpose clauses with qui translated?

Answer 15

A purpose clause with qui can be translated as:

• Who
• or “to”

example:
femina servum misit qui cibum emeret
The woman sent a slave who was to buy food
or
The woman sent a slave to buy food

Question 16

How is a purpose clause with ubi translated?

Answer 16

A purpose clause with ubi is translated as:
- where
- or to
example:
locum quaerebamus ubi staremus 
We were looking for a place where we might stand 
or
we were looking for a place to stand