Latin Conditionals: Protases and Apodoses Flashcards
to remember the combination of moods and tenses indicated different types of conditional statements
Present simple protasis
present indicative
“if it is Halloween, (the Great Pumpkin is coming)”
Past simple protasis
any past tense indicative
“if it was not Halloween, (the Great Pumpkin was not coming)”
Future more vivid protasis
future indicative
“If we will be in the pumpkin patch on Halloween night, (we will see the Great Pumpkin)”
Future more vivid emphatic protasis
future perfect indicative
“if we shall have been in the pumpkin patch on Halloween night, (we will see the Great Pumpkin)”
“if we will be in the pumpkin patch on Halloween night, (we will see the Great Pumpkin)”
Future less vivid protasis
present subjunctive
“if we should be in the pumpkin patch on Halloween night, (we would see the Great Pumpkin)”
Present contrary-to-fact protasis
imperfect subjunctive
“if we were in the pumpkin patch [which we aren’t], (we would be seeing the Great Pumpkin right now [but we aren’t])”
“if we were at the pumpkin patch, (we would be seeing the Great Pumpkin)”
Past contrary-to-fact protasis
pluperfect subjunctive
“if we had been in the pumpkin patch on Halloween night [which we were not], (we would have seen the Great Pumpkin [but we did not])”
“if we had been in the pumpkin patch on Halloween night, (we would have seen the Great Pumpkin)”
Present simple apodosis
present indicative
“(if it is Halloween), the Great Pumpkin is coming”
Future more vivid apodosis
future indicative
“(if we shall be in the pumpkin patch on Halloween night), we will see the Great Pumpkin.”
“(if we will be in the pumpkin patch on Halloween night), we will see the Great Pumpkin.”
Future less vivid apodosis
present subjunctive
“(if we should be in the pumpkin patch on Halloween night), we would see the Great Pumpkin”
Present contrary-to-fact apodosis
imperfect subjunctive
“(if we were in the pumpkin patch [which we aren’t]), we would be seeing the Great Pumpkin right now [but we aren’t]”
“(if we were at the pumpkin patch), we would be seeing the Great Pumpkin”
Past contrary-to-fact protasis
pluperfect subjunctive
“(if we had been in the pumpkin patch on Halloween night [which we were not]), we would have seen the Great Pumpkin [but we did not]”
“(if we had been in the pumpkin patch on Halloween night), we would have seen the Great Pumpkin”
