Latin American Flashcards
Mexican Revolution and the Great War
Teacher:
1-(1910-1920) Mexican Revolution
2-10year civil war
3-cause: primarily by internal forces
4-influenced by the great war (WW1) such:
A)Latin American nations avoid direct participation
5-Reduced Latin American imports from Europe and exports to Europe:
A) force Latin America to rely on itself.
B)US emerged as the dominant foreign power in the region
C) Replaced Great Britain
what are facts in The Mexican Revolution (1910-1920)?
1-Mexico’s upheaval:
A)Porfirio Diaz
B)Servicedseven7 terms as president of Mexico
c) 1876-1911
2-created economic prosperity:
A)not for the peasant, Indian, and laborers
B) turned much of Mexico’s economy over to foreigners
c)foreign concessions in mining, railroads, and other sectors of the economy
d) 90%of Mexico did not belongs to Mexicans:
- political corruption
-Coalition of forces drove Diaz out of power
- In the north, Pancho Villa organized a resistance
-Farmer railroaded, and cowboys
3-Emiliano Zapata: Raillied Indians and peasants for land reform. Emiliano Zapata calls for “ Tierra Y libertad”
PRI (Mexico)
Teacher:
Party of Institutional Revolutionary
1) Revolutionary leaders hoped to control the new regime by creating a one-party system
2) incorporated labor, peasant, military, and middle-class sectors
3)Although technically a democracy, the PRI dominated Mexican Politics from the 1920s until 2000, when Vicente Fx (PAN) won the election
4) 1990s-North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
-PRI Govt hoped expanding the economy would offer new hope to the nation
-Opposed by U.S labor group
- Feared Job losses and lower wages for Mexican workers
5) January 1994-guerrilla movement in heavily Indian state of Chiapas
A)young rebels (Zapatistas) sought to improve conditions
-Demanded work, land, housing , food, health care, and education for indigenous population of Chiapas
B)2,000 pooly armed, masked men and women captured four towns
C)Mexican government suppressed the rebels, and entered negotiations
6)Area of Cartel influences in Mexico: Mexico makes drugs, but US had drug problems DRUG=BIG MONEY
What are 3 parties in Mexico?
1-(Party of Revolutionary Instutional ) (PRI_its founding in 1929 until the end of the 20th century,
2-(National Action Party ) (PAN)found 1939
3-Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) founded 1898
who is Juan Domingo Perón (1895-1974), and what did he contribute?
Teacher note:
1) Using his position in the Ministry of Labor, he appealed to workers.
-Raised their salaries, improved their benefits, and generally supported their demands
-1947-elected President of Argentina
2)Gained popular support, aided by his wife Eva Duarte (Evita)
-Became a popular figure and public spokesperson for Peron among the lower classes
-populist government
- 1947-Argentina’s economy worsened
-1955-anti Peron military officers drove him into exile
-1973-Peron and his new wife, Isabel, returned to Argentina
-Argentina slid once more into a military dictatorship
Pancho Villa raid of 1916
1-This military leader dominated Northern Mexico during the Mexican Revolution between 1910 and 1915. His supporters seized hacienda land for distribution to peasants and soldiers. He robbed and commandeered trains. Allied with Emiliano Zapata. He was eventually defeated, though, before the revolution ended in 1920.
2-Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923) Did many good things but killed many people. They wanted to take money from the rich and give it to the poor.
What year was written Mexican constitution?
1917
what are significant of Mexican Constitution of 1917
Teacher note:
1-promised land and educational reform
2-1934-1940: president Lazaro Cardenas did following:
A) land reform: more than 40 million acres of land distributed in the form of communal holdings
B) education reform: extensive program of primary education especially in rural area
3-Limited foreign ownership of Mexican industry/ resources
4-Guaranteed rights of the worker
5-Limited the Church’s ownership of land
What happened in Argentina in 1943
The military group, once again in power
1-Nationalist who wanted to industrialize and modernize Argentina and make it the dominant power of South America.
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
TEACHER NOTE:
1-North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
2-Opposed by US labor group
3-feared job losses and lower wages for a Mexican worker
What date is the Mexican Revolution?
1910-1920
Who is Francisco I. Madero and why he is important?
1) moderate programs did not resolve Mexico’s continuing social problems
2_1913-military coup removed Madero from govt, late assasinated
Quizlet:
Moderate democratic reformer in Mexico ; proposed moderate reforms in 1910; arrested by porfirio Diaz; initiated revolution against Diaz when released from prison; temporarily gained power but removed and assaissinated in 1913
WHO is General Victoriano Huerta? Why he is significant?
Teacher:
1-Attempted to resort to the Diaz-Type Dictatorship
2-Supported by large landowner, the army and foreign company
3-1914-forced from power by villa, Zapatista, and the other middle-class political opponents
. The new leader fought over the nature of the new regime
-violence continued
-1917-Mexican constitution of 1917
-Promised land and education reform
-1920-civil war had ended
-Revolution devastated the country
-1.5 million dead
-Major industries destroyed
-ranching and farming disrupted
What happened to the culture and politics in post-revolutionary Mexico?
1-after the revolution, Mexico attempted to “ Indianize” the nations
2-secular schools
3-emphasized nationalism
4-glorified Indian heritage
5-denounced western capitalism
What happened in 1920 in Argentina?
Argentina was something of an abnormality in Latin American
1-1920-middle class radical party held power
2-1929 lost power when the economy collapsed
—A military coup backed by a strange coalition of nationalist, fascist, and socialists, seized power, hoping
To return Argentina to the golden days of the great export boom of the 1890s
—Coup failed
—Argentina became more depended as foreign investment increased and Argentine product
Markets declined
