Latin America and USA Flashcards
1
Q
3 Periods of Mutual Relations
A
- Imperial era (1790 - 30s of 20th century)
- Cold war (1945 - 1990)
- Age of uncertainty (1990 - now)
1
Q
Imperial Era
A
- Multipolar system
- Europe as counterbalance
- Primary building of spheres of influence
- Active government but also commerce
2
Q
Cold War
A
- Latin America is important
- Bipolar world with USSR as a competiter
- Geopolitical and ideologoical goals
- Global containment of communism
- Government as a main actor
3
Q
Age of Uncertainity
A
- Uniploar/multipolar system
- Latin America is less important
- Economic and social goals, democracy
- Rules of the game are unclear
4
Q
19th century
A
- Attempts to limit European influence
- 1823 - Monroe doctrine:
The Monroe Doctrine is a U.S. foreign policy principle that was first announced in 1823. The doctrine states that the United States would not tolerate European intervention in the Americas, and that any attempt by European powers to control or recolonize any part of the Americas would be considered a threat to the United States and its interests. - Expansion south - war with Mexico
- Did see Mexicans as inferior
5
Q
Cuban Question
A
- Cuba often percieved as natural limit of US expansion - very close
- US played crucial role in Cuban independence - defeated Spain
Occupation for several years, then Platt Amendment - right to intervene - Platt Amendment - the Platt Amendment was a treaty between the U.S. and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba’s independence from foreign intervention
6
Q
Interventions - Banana Wars
A
- Between 1898 and 1934 USA led more than 30 interventions in LA
- 1904 Roosvelt Corollary -
The Roosevelt Corollary was a foreign policy doctrine put forth by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904. It stated that the United States had the right to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain order and protect American interests. The corollary was a response to the ongoing instability in the region, which Roosevelt believed was threatening American business interests and security
-From months to years - In Honduras seven times
- Banana wars - motivated by commercial interests
- Manifest destiny - the right of the white people in America to expand its territory by the “permission” of god
-Finished by FDR
7
Q
Good Neighbour Policy
A
- Started in 1934 by FDR
- Rising antimercianism, attempts to create better relations
- More panamericanism, support for local leaders
-WW2 meant an end of this policy - to improve the relations between the US and LA thorugh cooperation and economic trade, rather military and political intervention
8
Q
Cold War
A
- Latin America geopolitically very important
- Containment of communism
- 1948 Organization of American States - Intergovernmental organization that its aim to promote regional integration and cooperation, democracy, sustainable development, and dialogue among 35 countries of America.
- 1954 - First invasion in Guatemala - Jacob Arbenz
- 1959 - Castro wins at Cuba
9
Q
CW Chile
A
- Already many military governments in Latin America
- Allende won elections, but the country soon felt into chaos
- Impact of CIA on the coup in Chile - the coup brought Pinochet into power
- US support of Pinochet
10
Q
CW Nicaragua
A
- 1979 FSLN wins after a conflict with Somoza government
- US tried diplomacy, but unsuccesfully
- Support for contras
- Irangate
- Currently Orthea with FSLN in power again, cracked down on oposition last year
11
Q
CW Salvador
A
- Murder of Archibishop Oscar Romero
- Support for the right government against FMLN
- Training, arms supplies
- US engagement prolonged the conflict for 13 years - 1979-92
12
Q
Age Of Uncertainity
A
- Attempt to cooperate in economic area
- Economic goals overall
-Latin America strategically less important - FTAA plans by Bush and Clinton
- “Trade not aid”
13
Q
Bush isnot very popular
A
- Venezuela - Hugo Chavez - Bush is MR. Danger, devil
- Cuba - Fidel Castro
- Bolivie - Evo Morales
- Chamorro - US always found mor war. Not for peace
- Equador - Rafael Correa
14
Q
Perception of the US in LA
A
- Highest approval in Central America
- Less in Mexico (far less with Trump)
- Lowest in MERCOSUR (Argentina)
- Trend - Obama was perceived more positivelly, but Trump problematic
