Lateral and Townes

Question 1

What is a sanitary precaution we may need to take for cranial bones in trauma

Answer 1

Cover the IR in plastic or radiolucent material

Question 2

What do we need to constantly be aware of when imaging the head

Answer 2

LOC of the patient…symmetry of pupils…patient may vomit… be prepared to log roll

Question 3

What do we need to do for lateral cranial images to ensure we get all anatomy

Answer 3

Elevate the head on a radiolucent sponge if possible

Question 4

What is the CR for lateral cranium

Answer 4

Horizontal and perpendicular. 5cm superior to EAM

Question 5

What needs to be included on lateral cranium

Answer 5

vertex to base of skull, frontal to occipital

Question 6

How do you evaluate if there is tilt in a lateral image

Answer 6

Orbital roofs. To fix make sure IPL is aligned

Question 7

How do you evaluate if there is rotation in a lateral image

Answer 7

Sphenoid wings and anterior cranial cortices. Make sure MSP is aligned to fix

Question 8

When performing facial bones do we include from vertex to mentum

Answer 8

No, we include frontal sinus to hard palate

Question 9

What is the CR for lateral facial bones

Answer 9

Halfway between outer canthus and EAM

Question 10

Do we need to put the patient’s head on a sponge for lateral facial bones

Answer 10

No

Question 11

When performing lateral orbits what do we place closest to the IR

Answer 11

Affected side

Question 12

Where is the CR for Lateral Orbits

Answer 12

Outer canthus

Question 13

What do we collimate to for lateral orbits

Answer 13

Include superior orbital roof to upper palate, do not extend collimation past the anterior clinoids

Question 14

What instructions do we give patients receiving lateral orbits image

Answer 14

Look straight ahead/close eyes

Question 15

What angle is the AP Townes projection from the OML

Answer 15

30 degrees caudad

Question 16

What andgle is the AP Townes projection from the IOML

Answer 16

37 degrees caudad

Question 17

What do we include on an AP Townes

Answer 17

Vertex to base of skull.

Question 18

Where do we want to see the dorsum sella in AP Townes

Answer 18

In the foramen magnum

Question 19

What is a “slit townes”

Answer 19

Facial bones using the AP Axial Townes method

Question 20

Where is the CR for Slit Townes

Answer 20

30 degrees caudad to the OML, entering at level of zygomatic arches (or through the TMJ)

Question 21

What is an SMV projection

Answer 21

When we want to see the zygomatic arches free of superimposition. The CR enters cephalad into the MSP at the throat about 2.5cm inferior to outer canthi

Question 22

What collimation landmarks are used for SMV

Answer 22

Include lateral skin lines, superior to chin and inferior to gonions