Later Mughals- Disintegration

Question 1

Later mughal line of succession

Answer 1

1. Muazzam (1707- 12)
2. Jahandar shah (1712 - 13)
3. Farrukh Siyar (1713 - 19)
4. Muhammad Shah (1719 - 48)
5. Ahmad Shah (1748 - 54)
6. Alamgir II (1754 - 59)
7. Shah Alam II (1759 - 1806)
8. Akbar II (1806 - 37)
9. Bahadur Shah II

Question 2

Bahadur Shah I initiatives
Shah i Bekhabar

Answer 2

1. Adopted tolerant attitude towards Hindus
2. Peace with Marathas by releasing Sahu
3. Peace with Rajputs, Jats, Bundelas
4. Mansab-Guru Gobind, but Banda Bahadur continued struggle

Question 3

Jahandar shah initiatives
Zulfiqar khan

Answer 3

1. Abolished Jizya
2. Imposed Izara sy.- land revenue contract
3. Granted Marathas Chauth and Sardeshmukhi of Deccan

Question 4

Farrukh Siyar Initiatives

Answer 4

1. Abolished pilgrimage tax
2. Banda Bahadur executed in Delhi
   Gave Royal Farman

Question 5

Royal Farman (1717) provision

Answer 5

EIC can
1. do duty free trade in Bengal
2. Issue Dastaqs - tax free permits
3. Mint coins, further fortify calcutta
4. EIC servants to do private trade but on paying same tax

Question 6

During Muhammad Shah - successor states

Answer 6

Bengal (1717)- Murshid. Quli Khan
Awadh (1722)- Saadat khan
Hyderabad (1724)- Nizamul mulk Asaf jah/ Chin Quilich Khan

Question 7

Nadir shah attack ( battle name -year) , loot

Answer 7

Battle of karnal-1739
Peacock throne, Kohinoor

Question 8

Invasion during Ahmad Shah tenure

Answer 8

Ahmad shah twice - 1749 and 1752
Captured Multan, Punjab

Question 9

Battles during Almagir II

Answer 9

Battle of Plassey

Marathas drove out Afghan, Rohilla from Delhi, occupied punjab, Lahore

Question 10

Battle during Shah Alam II

Answer 10

III battle of Panipat
Battle of Buxar

Question 11

Mahadji scindia role after BOP III

Answer 11

Repelled Rohillas from Delhi reinstated Shah Alam II

Question 12

During Akbar II tenure

Answer 12

English EIC stopped minting coins with name of Mughal emperors

Question 13

Decline of Mughal - political causes

Answer 13

Political
1. Expansionist military campaigns sapped empires vitality
2. Unclear LOS - 6 kings b/w 1707-1720
3. Bitter factionalism precipitated in Mughal Court

Question 14

Decline of Mughal - eco. causes

Answer 14

1. Jagirdari Crisis
   Large areas to Khalisa land
   Too many jagirdars, few jagirs
2. Increase in Taxation - peasant revolts

Question 15

Decline of Mughal - social and military causes

Answer 15

Social
1. Devisive religious policies of Aurangzeb
2. Reimposition of Jizyah tax
Military
1. No fresh technological inputs- army proved inferior

Question 16

Mughal disintegration states

Answer 16

1. Successor- Bengal, Awadh, Hyderabad
2. Autonomous- Mysore, Rajputs
3. Rebels- Punjab, Marathas