Late Foreign Policy Flashcards
What major event defined the second half of Henry VIII’s reign?
The Reformation and the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon
This period marked England’s break from the Catholic Church.
Who was Charles V in relation to Henry VIII?
The Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and Catherine of Aragon’s nephew
His power significantly impacted Henry’s political decisions.
What was Wolsey’s trade strategy against Charles V?
A trade embargo against the Netherlands
This strategy backfired, leading to unemployment in England.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Landriano in 1529?
Charles V defeated the French forces
This victory allowed Charles to gain control of the Vatican.
What was the Peace of Cambrai?
An agreement where France gave up its ambitions in Italy
This peace was signed in 1529.
What was the Schmalkaldic League?
An alliance of Protestant princes formed in 1531
They promised mutual defense against Charles V.
What significant religious shift did Henry VIII announce?
England was breaking away from the Catholic Church
This marked the start of the Church of England.
What happened to Catherine of Aragon in 1536?
She died
Henry VIII reportedly celebrated her death.
What was the Treaty of Nice?
An agreement between Charles V and Francis to unite against England
Signed in 1538.
What was the outcome of Henry’s marriage to Jane Seymour?
He had a son, Edward, but she died shortly after childbirth
Edward would later become king.
What was the significance of the Catholic Six Articles?
It was designed to reassure Catholics at home and abroad
Passed in 1539.
What was the ‘Pale’ in Ireland?
The area around Dublin controlled by the English
The rest of Ireland was lawless and controlled by clans.
Who was Anthony St. Ledger?
The person placed in charge of Ireland to enforce English law
He attempted to neutralize Irish lords through land ownership.
What was Henry VIII’s foreign policy like in the 1540s?
More aggressive and confident
Shifted from a defensive stance in the 1530s.
What was the result of the Battle of Solway Moss?
The English defeated the Scots
This led to the death of Scottish King James V.
What was the ‘rough wooing’ policy?
Henry’s attempt to arrange a marriage alliance with Mary, Queen of Scots
Involved military pressure on Scotland.
What was the Treaty of Greenwich?
An agreement to officially engage Edward and Mary, Queen of Scots
Rejected by the Scottish parliament.
What disaster befell the Mary Rose?
It sank during a battle due to overloading
This was a significant naval disaster for England.
What was the outcome of the conflict between England and France by 1546?
A stalemate was reached, leading to peace
Both sides were eager to end the costly conflict.
What motivated Henry VIII to break from Rome?
His desire for a male heir and to secure the Tudor dynasty
He believed God was punishing him for his marriage to Catherine.
What happened to Anne Boleyn in 1536?
She was executed for treason
This was part of Henry’s frustrations regarding succession.
Who succeeded Henry VIII?
Edward VI
He was the son of Henry’s third wife, Jane Seymour.
