Late Civil Rights Flashcards
When did the Birmingham March begin?
3rd of April 1963.
Who was the chief if police in Birmingham?
Chief Eugene ‘Bull’ Connor.
Who was arrested during the Birmingham march?
Martin Luther King, among many other arrests.
Why were children trained in protest tactics?
Because so many adults had been arrested.
When was the first big children’s demonstration?
2nd of May 1963.
How many children had been arrested at the end of the 2nd of May?
956.
What happened on the day after the 2nd of May?
Dogs and firehoses were used.
What happened on the 12th of May?
President Kennedy sent in federal troop and calm was restored.
The mayor passed desegregation laws.
The campaign had worked.
What were the effects of the Birmingham campaign?
Kennedy introduced Civil Rights Bill to congress.
There was a lot of media coverage.
Approximately how many people marched on Washington?
250,000-500,000 people.
Approximately how many white supporters were there?
80,000.
Who was the final speaker and what was his speech called?
Martin Luther King, “I Have A Dream” speech.
What were the effects of the march on Washington?
Lots of media coverage, broadcast live.
The biggest civil rights action ever.
Meeting between JKF & Martin Luther King.
When was the Civil Rights Act introduced?
1964.
Who introduced the Civil Rights Act?
President Johnson.
Why did Martin Luther King target Selma, Alabama for a non-violent campaign to get more black people to vote?
Only 383 had registered about of a possible 15,000.
Who banned the march in Selma?
Governor Wallace, to whom they would present the petition.
Where was the march in Selma stopped and how?
On the Edmund Petrus Bridge in Selma as they were attacked by Sheriff Clark’s men using tear gas, horses and clubs.
When was the Voting Rights Act introduced?
1965.
What did the Voting Rights Act do?
Made it illegal to try to prevent blacks from registering for the vote by setting literacy tests for voters.
How many more black people were added to the registers after the Voting Rights Act passed?
1,000,000.
Why did some people reject non-violent protest?
It was taking too long.
Didn’t see why they should wait for whites to be persuaded of the justice of their arguments.
Some wanted a separate black society.
What did Malcolm X believe?
In a separate black society.
Accepted that black Americans had a right to use violence in self defence if attacked.
What was the Nation of Islam?
A militant black organisation set up in the 1930s.
When did Malcolm X change his ideas?
Mid-1960s after a pilgrimage to Mecca he began to talk of a brotherhood of black and white.
When was Malcolm X assassinated?
In 1965, probably by black Muslims who regarded him as a traitor.
Who was the leader of the SNCC?
Stokeley Charmichael.
What was black power?
A rejection of the idea of integration and in some cases a demand for a separate black society.
What happened at the Olympic Games in Mexico in 1968 that was linked to Black Power?
Two medalists on the 400 metres raised their right arms in the Black Power salute when the anthem was played.
What did the Black Panthers want?
Full employment, good housing and adequate education for black Americans.
How many members did the Black Panthers have by the end of 1968?
5,000 members.
When did the Black Panthers disband and why?
In 1982, because of loss of influence.
What did Martin Luther King’s assassination lead to?
A wave of riots in 130 cities.
When did the Supreme Court rule that desegregation of schools should begin “at once”?
1969.
