Late Adult 3 Flashcards
Describe the structural and functional changes of skin in the ageing adult.
Epidermis - protects from dehydration, different organisms, chemicals, bacteria.
Allows for evaporations, it is the bodies cooling system
Dermis - provides strength and protections for underlying tissues
Subcutaneous - structural support, energy stored as fat.
Describe the development of pressure ulcers. 4 steps: - - - -
- Pressure
- Tissue Compression
- Vasculor Obstruction
(if unrelieved) - Interference with normal cell metabolism.
Pressure x Time = Ischemia = Cell Death -> Pressure Sore
Pressure = Force/Area
Identify the risk factors for pressure ulcer development in the ageing adult.
x
Identify interventions which reduce the risk of pressure ulcer development.
x
Describe the presentation of diseases common to ageing adults.
- Infection
- Alterations in gastrointestinal status
- Cardiac disease
Destruction of skin: 4 types: - - - -
- Mechanical
- Immunological
- Bacterial
- Chemical
Define: Pressure Ulser
A pressure ulcer is an impairment of the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia (decreased blood supply to an area) in tissues. (P&P, rev 4rd ed, p. 1192)
Braden Scale assesses:
- Sensory perception
- Moisture
- Activity
- Mobility
- Nutrition
- Friction & shear
Define Friction:
Friction: force that occurs in a direction opposite to movement; rubbing one surface against another creates heat ( e.g. heels, elbow, back of head at greatest risk)
Define Shear:
Shear: occurs when underlying bones and soft tissues above them move in opposite directions; occurs when sliding pt in bed with raised head (e.g. coccyx at greatest risk)
Management of pressure ulcers:
- Team approach
- Reduce pressure i.e. Elevate heels
- Manage friction & shear i.e. Positioning HOB
- Protect bony prominences
- Avoid unnecessary pads/sheets/clothing
- Decrease moisture
