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AP Euro > Late 19th Century Social Developments.... and then Russia > Flashcards

Late 19th Century Social Developments.... and then Russia Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

entering the mid 19th century, europe had a population that made up ___% of the world. What was this percentage in relation to past and future statistics? would it ever grow?

A

20%, the largest, no it would not

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2
Q

Developing and Non developing world mean:

A

Industrialized and Nonindustrialized

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3
Q

Differences between developed and nondeveloped world

A

a developed world (US and Europe) had very little to no population growth. However, non-developed countries had massive population growth.

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4
Q

During the late 19th century, European populations were the most _______ they had ever been

A

mobile; lots of migration

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5
Q

Why was 19th century europe so mobile?

A

because of peasants; they were leading uncomfortable lives in comparison to the higher ranks

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6
Q

3 reasons Why were peasants moving so much during this time?

A
  1. because of the industrialization in agriculture, peasants began to lose their jobs and had to move somewhere else.
  2. the emancipation of serfs made it so that they weren’t tied to their land anymore
  3. technological innovations in travels would allow people to move from place to place much faster
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7
Q

This mobility helps what major movement begin to take place with much more ease?

A

europeanization

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8
Q

When thinking of the FIRST industrial Revolution we think of

A

coal, iron, steam, textiles

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9
Q

When thinking of the SECOND Industrial Revolution we think of

A

Steel (metal alloys, chemicals, electricity, oil)

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10
Q

What was the Bessemer process, who created it, what for

A

It was a process of steel production made by Henry Bessemer which would make producing steel much cheaper and more efficient

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11
Q

What innovations were seen with Chemical products? Name some of the products

A

there were new processes by Solway where alkali based production processes allowed for mote chemical products; sulfuric acid, plastic, soap

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12
Q

most important invention?

A

electricity

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13
Q

Where was the first major power plant, and when was it established?

A

England, 1881

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14
Q

Two consequences of electricity becoming so portable and versatile?

A
  • factories never have to stop running

- a new night life emerges (the second day)

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15
Q

when was the first internal combustion engine developed; who gives it four wheels and makes it a car?

A

1886; Daimler

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16
Q

first country to become industrialized in automobile manufactoring

A

France

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17
Q

When does US begin to take lead in automobile manufacturing?

A

when henry ford creates the concept of the assembly line

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18
Q

aside from the assembly line, what else did Ford accomplish

A

cars were no longer seen as only a novelty item

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19
Q

Why do oil companies begin to arise?

A

because of the production of automobiles and electricity which was increasing at this time

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20
Q

what are the two factors that slow down agriculture in europe?

A

bad weather

emerging international competition

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21
Q

what is enlightened self interest

A

wanting yo help yourself, but by doing so, also helping others

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22
Q

what happened because people wanted to buy new goods?

A

factories increased the rate in which they produce, workers got higher wages, and people therefore could buy more new stuff

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23
Q

what was the period between 1854-1914 known as

A

the age of the middle class

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24
Q

What happens to the middle class at this time regarding demographics and revolutionary behavior

A

the middle class becomes more diverse; they are less recolutionary becuase they want to protect all of the nice things they have from workers unions and other revolutionary groups

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25
Q

who were the Krupps

A

German manufacturing giants (extremely rich middle class)

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26
Q

what determined someone of the true middle class?

A

they had to have at least one servant

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27
Q

as city size grew, ________ got worse

A

sanitation and sewer system

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28
Q

What was the major innovation created by urban planners at this time

A

instead of random urban areas, they created a downtown where large corporation, business, and the wealthy could be found

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29
Q

The Seine became ___________-

A

an open sewer lol

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30
Q

Who does Napoleon III hire to make changes to French cities?

A

Georges Haussmann

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31
Q

changes made by Haussmann

A
  • wider streets to prevent barricades
  • large and famous structures/monuments
  • suburbs made for other people bc downtown was too expensive
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32
Q

what was an effect of the increasing work commute from suburbs to the city

A

railways were installed for workers to get to work faster

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33
Q

why (2 reasons) did high ranking official better the sanitation in suburban areasx

A

because the middle and working class had been asking for these changes, and making them happen would diminish revolt: ALSO the cholera outbreak

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34
Q

developments in higience

A

larger sewer systems, water treatment plans, public health acts, random health checks

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35
Q

Women

A

were of lower status in every class

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36
Q

Property in regards to women

A

a woman could not own property in her own name, if she was married the property would go to her husband

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37
Q

1882- married women property act

A

allowed for married women, and not just single women, to own property under their name

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38
Q

women had the same legal status as……

A

childrn

39
Q

The only way for a WOMAN to get a divorce was

A

if the husband was committing adultery

40
Q

two major economic developments that will affect womens place in society

A
  • a significant growth in the variety of jobs (more jobs for women)
  • withdrawal of women from the workforce bc husband supported entire family and they took care of domestic things
41
Q

women worked in these two fields a lot

A

textiles and retail (bc they sold to other women, and men would listen to them too)

42
Q

did prostitutes keep their jobs by choice forever?

A

no, usually only for a few months so they would be able to get money to get by

43
Q

where were most prostitutes found and why?

A

they were found in the rural areas because they cannot find jobs or clients in the urban areas.

44
Q

differences between middle class and working class women

A

middle class women had electricity and sanitation, while working class had neither

45
Q

Cult of Domesticity

A

Meant that each gender had their own sphere: men at work, women in the house

46
Q

a woman’s appearance determined

A

the success of a man

47
Q

women made up the majority of what active group

A

social workers

48
Q

birth rate began to drop because……

A

people wanted less children so that they could have a larger disposible income for the few children they did have

49
Q

why did men fear giving women the right to vote

A

women were so active in the church that they feared women would vote conservative

50
Q

________________ would start a moderate suffrage group believing if woman could be responsible, active people in politics then parliaments would be conceived to giving women the right to vote (National Union)

A

Millicent Fawcett

51
Q

_________________ was much more radical and would bring radical militancy to the femenist movements: WOmen’s Social and Political Union (MEMBERS WERE SUFFRAGETES)

A

Emily Pankhurst

52
Q

first woman in france to fight for a vote

A

Hubertine Auclet

53
Q

1890’s french femenist movement consisting mainly of upper class women who opposed suffrage but supported other femenist movements

A

National Council of French Women

54
Q

the_________passed womens suffrage, but the _________ negated it

A

The chamber of deputies; the senate

55
Q

Weimar constitution results in________ in 1919

A

women’s right to vote in Germany

56
Q

Most important figure to bring forth industrialization in Russia

A

Sergei Witte

57
Q

why does Sergei Witte want to protect tariffs and put high taridffs

A

He wants to build up industry and be extremely efficient with the money earned

58
Q

largest production in russia will comes from

A

textiles (althrough also steel ,coal, andrailways

59
Q

Increase in russian innovation is increase in russian discontent bc of

A

rising taxes and falling grain prices

60
Q

Certain peasants with enough prosperity to find a lot of land and employ other peasants in Russia

A

Kulaks

61
Q

What causes widespread hunger in Russia and uprising

A

Increasing population

62
Q

SRP

A

Social Revolutionary Party

63
Q

What did the SRP do

A

They were the people that wanted to avoid any kind of industrialization and wanted rural Russia once again

64
Q

Why did the SRP want a rural Russia

A

They wanted to protect Russia from the corruption of the west

65
Q

CDP stands for….

A

Constitutional Democratic Party

66
Q

What are members of the CDP also known as

A

cadets

67
Q

What are the cadets from the CDP

A

Liberal party members that looked at Western Europe for inspiration

68
Q

What type of government did the CDPwant

A 
A British style monarchy, 
a very limited government, 
a constitution, 
support for industrialization, 
free enterprise, 
low or no taxes
69
Q

what does SDPstand for

A

Social Democratic Party

70
Q

Sdp members did what

A

They didn’t believe in revolution as a means for reform in Russia,so they all became politicians

71
Q

What did SDP members feel towards unions

A

They thought that they had to slowly win over unions to gain workers in steady increments

72
Q

Why was Marxism impossible in Russia

A

Because Russia had few representative and a poor middle class

73
Q

Did Lenin believe in revolution? What class was he in? Why is he exiled? Where does he go to become a Marxist?

A

Lenin did believe in revolution,
He was middle class, he was exiled bc his brother was involved in a plan to assassinate Alexander III, Goes to Germany to become Marxist

74
Q

What does Lenin join when he is exiled to Germany

A

He gets involved with the SDP where he would become a Marxist due to inspiration and admiration of the German SDP

75
Q

What views diesel in have a problem with

A

Revisionist views

76
Q

What is lennin’s booktitled

A

What is to be done

77
Q

What does Lenin believe is to be done

A

Trade unions and unionization shouldn’t be pushed bc unionization for short term gains is the idea that people could take as much as they could possibly get: Lenin believes that joining trade unions would mean that people would settle for less

78
Q

What happens as an effect of Leninist Marxism

A

Marxism is split into 2 (Bolshevik and Menshevik)

79
Q

What were Bolsheviks

A

They were the majority group who advocated revolution and supporting Lenin

80
Q

Who were the Mensheviks

A

The minority group who wanted the opposite of what Lenin wanted (minority, revisionism, a Democratic Party, mass membership)

81
Q

What was a major factor to bring about the revolution of 1905

A

Industrialization

82
Q

Who does the tsar replace Sergei witte with

A

Pyotr Stolypin

83
Q

Pyotr Styopolin wanted what to _________ to win populRity

A

He wanted to start a war, he chose Japan, (Russo Japanese war) Japan won

84
Q

What does Japan win from Russia after the Russo Japanese war

A

Korea, Manchuria

85
Q

Who led the Bloody Sunday revolt

A

Father Gapon along with a group of peasants who approach the winter palace of the tsar

86
Q

The Bloody Sunday revolt happened in what way and intended to communicate what

A

It was a peaceful revolt in which the peasants wanted to communicate to the tsar the terrible conditions they were in, the tsar sent soldiers to fire back to them, they died

87
Q

Who revolt for changes from tsar

A

Workers, students, cadets, sailors

88
Q

Who issues the October manifesto, promises to make a institution in public, and promises reform

A

Nicholas

89
Q

What national change does Nicholas establish

A

He makes a national parliamentary body called the Duma (to which he asserts autocracy over)

90
Q

What were the problems with the first 2/3 Dumas

A

They were too radical, but the third he made in a particular way so that he was the leader of them and whatever the Duma passed still had to be approved by the tsar

91
Q

What does Styolipin do in 1906

A

He begins full scale suppression of socialism by canceling any payments still owed to the government so that the land they owned was officially theirs (which made peasants more efficient)

92
Q

True or false….Because of his repression of socialism, stolipin would be assassinated

A

True

93
Q

Rasputin shows up

A

He’s hated by everyone except Nicholas and his family, so everyone tries to kill him and then he dies by being drowned

94
Q

What was Nicholas’s bold move

A

He says that although they had lost the Russo Japanese war, next time they wouldn’t be alone ( thus ww1 begins)

AP Euro (3 decks)

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