Late 19th Century Philippines

Question 1

What is Cullinane’s Framework of Analyzing Elite Filipino Society?

Answer 1

• Municipal Elites
• Provincial Elites
• Urban Elites
• Urban Middle Class Sector

Question 2

Who held the highest municipal offices?

Answer 2

Municipal Elites

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE: Municipal elites ALWAYS owned and controlled land/property

Answer 3

FALSE, it’s a usual occurence but is not always the case

Question 4

What is the central focus of political life among the municipal elites?

Answer 4

Casa Tribunal (municipal hall)

Question 5

Who are the big men of small towns?

Answer 5

Municipal elites

Question 6

Who are the elites that are not confined to a single municipality?

Answer 6

Provincial elites

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE: Provincial elites had power and have considerable influence in the larger society.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Who are viewed as the “caciques”?

Answer 8

Provincial elites

Question 9

Who are the big men of several towns?

Answer 9

Provincial elites

Question 10

Where did the urban elites emerge from?

Answer 10

Manila, Iloilo, Cebu

Question 11

Who are likely mestizos in origin?

Answer 11

Urban elites

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE: Urban elites come from very wealthy and influential families.

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

What do the urban elites have that are spread throughout the three cities?

Answer 13

properties, landholdings, economic interests

Question 14

Who are the people that are landless but employed?

Answer 14

Urban middle sector

Question 15

Who are the Filipinos whose income came from salaries related to their employment offices in Manila, Cebu, and Iloilo?

Answer 15

Urban middle sector

Question 16

What is the urban middle sector’s central focus of political life?

Answer 16

oficina

Question 17

What is the interaction of the Filipino masses with the elites?

Answer 17

Landlord-Tenant relationship

Question 18

Who made up the masses?

Answer 18

non-elite Filipinos (majority)

Question 19

What is the role of the Ilustradors in Philippine Society?

Answer 19

The Ilustrados led to the development of elite concepts of national identity and consciousness.

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE: A good percent of the Katipunan were Ilustrados.

Answer 20

FALSE. The Ilustrados only had minimal participation, most of the people were led by moderately educated people from the urban middle sector and municipal elites.

Question 21

What happened to the Ilustrados during the Revolutionary Era?

Answer 21

Their lives were shattered which created a new environment for political involvement starting 1898.

Question 22

What does KKK stand for?

Answer 22

Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan

Question 23

When was the KKK established?

Answer 23

July 7, 1892

Question 24

What type of revolution was the KKK?

Answer 24

Armed revolution

Question 25

Who is the first Supremo of Katipunan?

Answer 25

Deodato Arellano y dela Cruz

Question 25

What is the title given to the President of the Supreme Council of Katipunan?

Answer 25

Supremo

Question 26

Who is the Brains of the Katipunan?

Answer 26

Emilio Jacinto

Question 27

What is the ranking in the Katipunan?

Answer 27

- Katipon (member) - Kawal (soldier) - Bayani (patriot)

Question 28

What is the method used in recruiting members of the Katipunan?

Answer 28

Triangle system - a method of recruitment where a recruiter would ask only two persons to join

Question 29

What is the name of the organ/paper publication of the Katipunan?

Answer 29

Kalayaan

Question 30

Who exposed the Katipunan?

Answer 30

Teodoro Patiño

Question 31

Who is the Mother of the Revolution?

Answer 31

Melchora Aquino, Tandang Sora

Question 32

What are the two factions of the Katipunan in Cavite?

Answer 32

Magdiwang, Magdalo

Question 33

Who is the Lakambini of the Katipunan?

Answer 33

Aling Oriang

Question 34

What is the Cry of Pugadlawin?

Answer 34

Andrés Bonifacio and his comrades from the Katipunan society tore their cédulas in the hills of Balintawak.

Question 35

Why did the scheduled attack on Manila not materialize?

Answer 35

- Lacked men - Insufficient arms - Lacked coordination - Spaniards were well-defensed

Question 36

In what place did the Katipunan successfully attack the Spaniards?

Answer 36

Cavite

Question 37

Who was dubbed "Hero of the Hour"?

Answer 37

Emilio Aguinaldo

Question 38

What event paved the way for Aguinaldo to be called "Hero of the Hour"?

Answer 38

Imus encounter against Spanish troops

Question 39

Who is General Miong?

Answer 39

Emilio Aguinaldo

Question 40

Who led the Magdalo faction and where were the headquarters?

Answer 40

Baldomero Aguinaldo, Kawit

Question 41

Who led the Magdiwang faction and where were the headquarters?

Answer 41

Mariano Alvarez, Noveleta

Question 42

What happened in the Tejeros Convention?

Answer 42

A new government was formed, the Revolutionary Government.

Question 43

What did Bonifacio said upon electing the memebrs of the Revolutionary Government?

Answer 43

The will of the majority should be obeyed and followed.

Question 44

Who were the final elected officers in the Revolutionary Government?

Answer 44

President: Emilio Aguinaldo Vice President: Mariano Trias Captain-General: Artemio Ricarte Director of War: Emiliano Riego de Dios Director of the Interior: Andres Bonifacio

Question 45

What is the significance of the Tejeros Convention?

Answer 45

- Council of Katip -> Revolutionary Govt. - Change of leadership: Bonifacio -> Aguinaldo - Marked the end of Andres Bonifacio

Question 46

What is the Naik Military Agreement?

Answer 46

Bonifacio wanted to establish a new independent government.

Question 47

TRUE OR FALSE: Bonifacio was found GUILTY of treason and sedition

Answer 47

TRUE

Question 48

What kind of republican government did Aguinaldo establish?

Answer 48

Biak na Bato Republic

Question 49

Why was the Biak na Bato Republic short-lived?

Answer 49

The constitution was copied from the Cuban constitution.

Question 50

Who was sent as a mediator and negotiator for the Biak na Bato truce?

Answer 50

Pedro Paterno

Question 51

What are the 3 Major Agreements in the Biak na Bato Truce?

Answer 51

1. Aguinaldo and his men would go into exile abroad. 2. Primo de Rivera would pay the sum of P800,000 to the rebels in 3 installments. 3. de Rivera would pay additional P900,000 to civilains who suffered in armed conflict.

Question 52

What is the allocation of the P800,000 in three installments?

Answer 52

- P400,000 upon Aguinaldo and men departure - P200,000 when arms surrendered exceed 700 - P200,000 when Te Deum was sung, general amnesty was proclaimed by the governor.