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LAT Flash Cards

1
Q

2 mL of water weighs how many grams?

A

2 grams

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2
Q

5% dextrose contains how many mg of dextrose in each mL?

A

50mg of dextrose

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3
Q

An accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is called

A

ascites

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4
Q

Blood (blue) from what animal is used to develop a test for pyrogens call the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test?

A

Horseshoe crab

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5
Q

SCID mice lack what two types of immune cells?

A

B and T cells

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6
Q

Name two methods for inhibiting growth of bacteria in animal water bottles.

A

Acidification and chlorination

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7
Q

The splitting open of a surgical incision site is called…

A

dehiscence

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8
Q

The study of abnormal fetal development is called…

A

Teratology

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9
Q

The study of poisons and the effects they have on living organisms is called..

A

Toxicology

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10
Q

Substances that damage the developing fetus are called…

A

teratogens or mutagens

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11
Q

Name commonly used gas anesthetics

A

halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane

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12
Q

What gas can sterilize surgical tools that would be damaged by heat autoclaving?

A

Ethylene oxide

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13
Q

Synonym for packed cell volume

A

hematocrit

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14
Q

Snuffles in rabbits

A

Pasturella multicida

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15
Q

Atrophic rhinitis in pigs

A

Bordatella bronchioseptica

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16
Q

Bacterial pneumonia in guinea pigs

A

Bordatella bronchioseptica

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17
Q

Kennel cough in dogs

A

Bordatella bronchioseptica

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18
Q

Rat pinworm sp.

A

Syphacia muris or syphacia obvelata

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19
Q

Toxocara canis

A

Canine roundworm

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20
Q

The neutrophils of rabbits and g.pigs are referred to as …

A

heterophils

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21
Q

of sick animals divided by the total # of animals =

A

Morbidity

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22
Q

of animals that die divided by the total # of animals=

A

Mortality

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23
Q

Q fever sp.

A

Coxiella burnetti (travels in the placenta)

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24
Q

Congenital disease

A

A condition that the animal is born with

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25
Q

What pathogen causes ringworm?

A

A fungus :microsporum and trichophyton

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26
Q

Transmission of a disease from parent to offspring in utero is called

A

vertical transmission

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27
Q

What system of the body is affected by mycoplasma pulmonis in rats?

A

Repiratory

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28
Q

Gnotobiotic

A

Animals with a known microbial flora

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29
Q

of air changes per hour in animal rooms?

A

10-15

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30
Q

Who regulates standards for shipments of animals?

A

AWA

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31
Q

Marmota monax

A

Groundhog

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32
Q

Dasypus novemcinctus

A

Armadillo

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33
Q

Marmoset

A

Callithrix jacchus

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34
Q

Another term for platelets

A

Thrombocytes

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35
Q

AAALAC

A

Associate for Assessment and Accredidation of laboratory animal care

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36
Q

AALAS

A

American Association of Lab animal Science

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37
Q

Most commonly used phenylthiazine tranquilizer

A

Acetyl or acepromazine

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38
Q

Thigmophilic

A

Relying on touch to navigate: gpigs.

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39
Q

Bacillus stearothermophilis

A

Biological indicators for autoclaving

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40
Q

Hyperemia

A

Excess of blood to tissues or organs

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41
Q

Bruxism

A

Teeth grinding

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42
Q

Trichobezoars

A

ingested hair ball

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43
Q

Passalurus ambiguus

A

pinworm in rabbits

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44
Q

2.25% concentration = mg/mL?

A

22.5mg/mL

% concentration is based on g/100mL

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45
Q

CONCENTRATION DOSAGE EQUIVALENCE PERCENT

1: 1,000 1mg/mL 0.1%
1: 10,000 0.1mg/mL 0.01%
1: 100,000 0.01mg/mL 0.001%
1: 200,000 0.005mg/mL 0.0005%

A

epinephrine

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46
Q

Rana pipians

A

Leopard frog

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47
Q

ethology

A

Study of behavior

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48
Q

axenic

A

Germ free

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49
Q

2 classes of pain meds

A

NSAID and opioids

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50
Q

mastitis

A

Mammary infection

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51
Q

limulus

A

horseshoe crab

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52
Q

Microfilaria

A

immature heart-worm in blood

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53
Q

Heterophil

A

red colors white blood cells

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54
Q

Dirofilaria immitis

A

heart worm

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55
Q

Septicemia

A

blood infection

56
Q

Neoteny

A

Larval stage entire life

57
Q

Pinioning

A

removing the flight feathers (one side)

58
Q

Corpuscular

A

active at dawn and dusk

59
Q

AAALAC

A

Provides peer evals. of animal care and use programs

60
Q

FDA

A

Requires compliance with the GLP’s

61
Q

USDA

A

Responsible for enforsing AWA

Inspects institutions using species covered by the AWA

62
Q

Test system

A

includes animals or entities administered a substance

63
Q

OLAW (office of lab animal welfare)

A

Expects institution to self regulate, (follow AWA and PHS policy) and report deviations. Oversees the care, compliance and use of research animals in Public Health Service (PHS)-funded research

64
Q

PHS Policy

A

Publishes the policy on the humane care and use of lab animals
IACUC: 5 members; Enforced by OLAW
-a chairperson,
-a veterinarian,
-a practicing scientist with animal research experience,
-a nonscientist
-a community member.

65
Q

Animal Welfare Act

regulations and requirement

A

Enforced by APHIS and USDA

Requires IACUC 3 members

  • a chairperson,
  • a veterinarian with training
  • the nonaffiliated.

Animal Welfare Regulations: describes what a facility must do to comply with AWA, overseen by AWA

  1. Definition of terms
  2. Regulations
  3. Standards
  4. Rules of Practice
66
Q

Post-approval monitoring (PAM)

A

PAM program is to ensure that IACUC-approved procedures are being followed

67
Q

Category B animal

A

Animals being bred, conditioned, or held for use in teaching, testing, experiments, research, or surgery, but not yet used for such purposes

68
Q

Category C animal

A

Teaching, research, experiments, or tests conducted that cause no pain or distress and thus do not require the use of pain-relieving drugs.

69
Q

Category D animal

A

Experiments, teaching, research, experiments, or tests causing pain or distress to the animals, for which appropriate anesthetic, analgesic, or tranquilizing drugs were used.

70
Q

Category E animal

A

Teaching, experiments, research, surgery, or tests causing pain or distress to the animals, for which appropriate anesthetic, analgesic, or tranquilizing drugs were not used because they would have adversely affected the procedures, results, or interpretation.

71
Q

Class A Dealer

A

raise and sell animals themselves; these animals are known as purpose-bred

72
Q

Class B Dealer

A

purchase and resell animals, including random-source dogs and cats (such as those from animal shelters or pounds), import nonhuman primates, and resell animals from research facilities.

73
Q

“Must” in the guide

A

describe aspects of an animal care program that are considered essential or imperative

74
Q

“Should” In the guide

A

strong recommendations for achieving a goal

75
Q

Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL)

A

describes a set of guidelines established by the CDC and the NIH for the safe handling and containment of biological agents in a laboratory setting, including infectious microorganisms and potentially hazardous biological materials

76
Q

what two documents are used by AAALAC in the US to evaluate institutions for accreditation?

A

The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching

77
Q

Which of the following agencies monitors compliance with Public Health Service (PHS) Policy?

A

Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW)

78
Q

APHIS

A

Animal and Plant Health inspection: part of USDA; Administers AWA and AWR

79
Q

IO

A

Institutional Official, in charge or IACUC, make sure organization in compliance with AWA

80
Q

3 R’s

A

Replace Reduce Refine

81
Q

PHS Policy:

A

Public Health Service on Humane care and use of lab animals: Enforced by OLAW

82
Q

PHS 1979 revision

A

Definition of animal expanded to all vertebrates

83
Q

An outcross

A

mating scheme between two different strains or same inbred strains differing at a locus of interest (F1, F2 …)

84
Q

Intercross

A

heterozy X heterozy mating scheme (F)

85
Q

Backcross

A

Heterozy X Homozy mating: Hetero offspring mated back with parental homozy strain (N2, N3…

86
Q

Incross

A

Homozy X homozy mating (sibling mating)

87
Q

Coisogenic

A

mutant that differs at only single locus from original strain

88
Q

4 Stages of Estrous

A

Proestrus, estrus, Metestrus, diestrus

89
Q

C to F

A

C * 9/5+32= F

90
Q

F to C

A

(F-32) *5/9

91
Q

Subclinical

A

has disease but does not show signs or symptoms

92
Q

Sanitation

A

is the process by which the number of bacteria and other organisms living on inanimate objects is reduced to safe levels. Hard surface

93
Q

Disinfection

A

destroy or irreversably inactive infectious pathogens but not their spores (alcohols, phenols and quats) Hard surface

94
Q

Cost Centers

A

does not produce revenue with both indirect and direct costs

95
Q

Direct Costs

A

Directly attributed to specific research project: cost of animals, per diems, supplies and some expenditures

96
Q

Indirect costs (support cost)

A

incurred by animal facility that are not specifically identified with a certain specie or project (the animal facilities as a whole) Facility operations/maintenance security etc

97
Q

Intensive Breeding

A

when the male remains with female or females.

98
Q

Nonintensive breeding

A

Housed separately when rearing pups

99
Q

Gestation (different species)

A 
Mouse: 21 days
Rat: 21 days
Hamster: 16-20 days
(Jills/ Hobs) Ferret: 38-44 days
Chinchillas: 110 days
(Doe/Buck) Rabbit: 31-32 days
(Queens/Toms) Cat: 58-67 days
Dog: 59-68 days
NHP: 159-169 days
Swine: 112-115 days
100
Q

Drug absorption fastest to slowest

A

IV>IP>IM>SQ>ID

101
Q

Negative pressure rooms

A

Biocontainment/ Quarantine Air flows in

102
Q

Positive pressure rooms

A

Surgery/Barrier Air flows out.

103
Q

Sterilizers

A

Kills all forms of microbial life including spores (formaldehyde gas, Hperoxide gas, aldehydes, ethylene oxide gas) Hard surface

104
Q

Germicides

A

prevent infections by inhibiting growth (used on live organisms)

105
Q

Outbred Stock nomenclature

A

Vendor : Stock symbol

106
Q

Inbred stock nomenclature

A

Parent strain / Sub-strain Lab code

107
Q

Five principle studies of Toxicology

A

acute,subacute,chronic, subchronic and reproductive

108
Q

B virus

A

Cercopithrcine herpesvirus 1

109
Q

Leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

110
Q

Plague

A

Yersinia pestis

111
Q

Rabies virus

A

Rhabdoviridae

112
Q

Leukocyte

A

WBC’s Granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes

113
Q

Granulocytes PMNs

A

Neutrophils: inflammatory response- phagocytosis
eosinophils: release stuff
Basophils: parasitic infection/allergic reactions

114
Q

Monocytes

A

become macrophages- call to their brother monocytes (chemicals like cytokines)

115
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Tcells, Bcells, NK cells- Search and destroy
Bcells- to plasma cells then release antibodies
NK make viruses more deader

116
Q

Heart cirulation

A

R atrium->R ventricle->Pulmonary artery to lungs -> pulmonary vein from lungs-> L atrium->L ventricle-> to the aorta

117
Q

Centralized management

A

Centralization often reduces operating costs, providing a more efficient flow of animal care supplies, equipment, and personnel; more efficient use of environmental controls; and less duplication of support services. Centralization reduces the needs for transporting animals between housing and study sites, thereby minimizing the risks of transport stress and exposure to disease agents; affords greater security by providing the opportunity to control facility access; and increases the ease of monitoring staff and animals.

118
Q

Decentralized management

A

Decentralized animal housing and use occur in space that is not solely dedicated to animal care or support or is physically separated from the support areas and animal care personnel

119
Q

IACUC’s are mandated by:

A

Federal Mandate

120
Q

AWA (Animal Welfare Act)

A
  • Established care and use standards for research animals
  • USDA Enforces this law
  • Requires institutions to have IACUC
121
Q

APHIS: Animal & Plant Health Inspection service

A

Branch of USDA
Administers AWA/AWR
USDA officer inspects facilities

122
Q

congenic

A

strains are generated in the laboratory by mating two inbred strains (usually rats or mice), and backcrossing the descendants 5-10 generations with one of the original strains, known as the recipient strain

123
Q

% concentration to Mg/ml

A

2 % solution means= 2 gm in 100 ml
so it means= 2x1000 mg / 100 ml= 20 mg/ml

in this case % concentration is based on g/ml

a 2% solution is: (1ml x 2%)/100 = 0,02g/ml
0,02g/ml x 1000 = 20mg/ml (becouse 1g = 1000mg)

124
Q

% concentration to Mg/ml

A

2 % solution means= 2 gm in 100 ml
so it means= 2x1000 mg / 100 ml= 20 mg/ml

in this case % concentration is based on g/ml

a 2% solution is: (1ml x 2%)/100 = 0,02g/ml
0,02g/ml x 1000 = 20mg/ml (becouse 1g = 1000mg)

125
Q

Drip rates for IV

A

total volume to give / total time in min X drop factor/ 1

Total vol x Drop factor/ total time

126
Q

Animal Welfare Assurance

A

Document signed by institution saying it will comply with AWA, PHS policy, AVMA, Guide

127
Q

IACUC

A

Institutional Animal care and use commitee: Required by PHS and AWR to inspect institutions, review protocols

128
Q

Tropical amphibians temperature

A

21-29C

129
Q

Temperate Amphibs Temp

A

18-22c

130
Q

Zebrafish

A

danio rario: 24-28c

131
Q

How to dechlorinate water

A

Let sit for 24-48 hours (age)
sodium thiosulfate
aerate
carbon filters

132
Q

conductivity

A

Measures dissolved salts and minerals present as ions

133
Q

High ion concentration in water

A

water will flow out of the frog

134
Q

Low ion concentraion

A

Water will flow into frog

135
Q

Total hardness

A

Measure of calcium and magnesium ions

136
Q

water hardness

A

Measures specific ions dissolved in water

LAT (1 decks)

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