Last Year Exam Flashcards
Haematuria terminalis - bleeding in the end of micturition is characteristic for:
a. kidney diseases
b. diseases of the urethra
c. ureteric diseases
d. bladder diseases
d. bladder diseases
Causes of hematuria is…
a. anticoagulants
b. urinary tract trauma
c. urinary tract cancers
d. a,b,c are correct
d. a,b,c are correct
Symptoms of bladder diseases after radiotherapy is:
a. haematuria
b. dysuria
c. urge urinary incontinence
d. a,b and c are correct
d. a,b and c are correct
Prerenal anuria- causes:
a. hypovolemia
b. hypervolemia
c. glomerulonephritis
d. urinary tract stones
a. hypovolemia
Anuria postrenal- causes:
a. bilateral; kidney stones
b. unilateral neoplasm of the ureter
c. stricture of the urethra
d. prostatic cancer limited to the organ
c. stricture of the urethra
Ischuria paradoxa is the result of:
a. bladder dilatation and retention of the urine
b. lesion of the urethral external sphincter
c. bladder stone
d. in diabetic patients
a. bladder dilatation and retention of the urine
Urine retention is not observed in:
a. chronic kidney disease
b. prostatic diseases
c. in urethral trauma
d. in the neoplasms of internal orifice of the urethra
a. chronic kidney disease
Stress urinary incontinence is related to: a. bladder outlet obstruction
b. detrusor instability
c. trauma of the lower urinary tract
d. insufficiency of external sphincter and minor pelvis disorders in older women
d. insufficiency of external sphincter and minor pelvis disorders in older women
Mixed urinary incontinence:
a. urge urinary incontinence and stress urinary incontinence
b. constant urinary incontinence c. urine leak during sleep
d. constant urine leak all the time
a. urge urinary incontinence and stress urinary incontinence
Indications for urodynamic examination:
a. all types of urinary incontinence
b. micturition disorders after vertebral and CNS trauma
c. chronic urinary infection in old women
d. a,b and c are correct
d. a,b and c are correct
The first line treatment of overactive bladder is:
a. anticholinergic therapy
b. electrostimulation
c. behavioral - biofeedback therapy
d. a,b and c are correct
d. a,b and c are correct
Recommended method of treatment in atonic bladder is:
a. CIC clear intermittent catheterization
b. continous catheterization of the bladder c. constant cystotomy
d. Crede procedure (squeezing of the urine)
a. CIC clear intermittent catheterization
Interstitial cystitis- basic diagnostic methods are:
a. history, urodynamic examination, cystoscopy
b. pelvic CT, MRI
c. isotopic renoscintigraphy
d. neurologic examination and CT of CNS
a. history, urodynamic examination, cystoscopy
Intrabladder farmacotherapy of interstitial cystitis is based on:
a. instillation of heparin, DMSO and botulin toxin
b. antibiotic bladder instillations c. antihistaminic drug instillations d. BCG bladder instillations
a. instillation of heparin, DMSO and botulin toxin
Treatment of the urinary stress incontinence stage I is:
a. TOT, TVT operation
b. Marshall_Marchetti_ Krantz operation
c. laparoscopic Burch operation
d. phizycotherapy, Kegel procedures, biofeedback
d. phizycotherapy, Kegel procedures, biofeedback
Surgical treatment of interstitial cystitis is:
a. hydrodistension
b. enterocystoanastomosis - enlargement of the bladder volume
c. cystectomy and urinary diversion
d. a,b and c are correct
d. a,b and c are correct
Recommended method of the urine drainage after the spinal cord trauma is:
a. continous catheterization of the bladder
b. continous catheterization for few days and than clear intermittent catheterization
c. constant cystotomy
d. anticholinergic drugs
b. continous catheterization for few days and than clear intermittent catheterization
Urgent operation after kidney trauma is necessary in the case of:
a. rupture of renal vessels
b. small hematoma of the kidney
c. perirenal hematoma
d. small kidney parenchyma lesion without urine leak
a. rupture of renal vessels
Diagnosis of the renal trauma is based on:
a. usg examination
b. IVP intravenous pyelography
c. abdomen CT
d. renal scintigraphy
c. abdomen CT
Treatment of renal trauma stage I-III is following:
a. nephrectomy
b. arteriography and embolization
c. surgical suture of the renal parenchyma
d. a,b and c are incorrect
d. a,b and c are incorrect
Ureteric trauma are frequent as:
a. idiopathic
b. iatrogenic
c. after radiotherapy
d. after URS-ureterorenoscopy
b. iatrogenic
Causes of the urinary bladder trauma is:
a. catheterization of the bladder
b. trauma of the lower part of the abdomen
c. after fracture of pelvic bones
d. b and c are correct
d. b and c are correct
Treatment of the trauma of the penis:
a. fracture of the penis-surgical treatment
b. superficial wound- cystotomy
c. paraphimosis - operation
d. luxation of the penis-observation
a. fracture of the penis-surgical treatment
Diagnosis of the trauma of the scrotum and testicle is based on:
a. physical examination
b. CT of the abdomen and pelvis
c. MRI of the abdomen and pelvis
d. physical examination, usg of the scrotum
d. physical examination, usg of the scrotum
Renal tumors- more frequent symptoms
a. paraneoplastic syndroms
b. fever
c. hematuria
d. asymptomatic, incidentaloma
d. asymptomatic, incidentaloma
Most frequent type of renal tumors is: a. oncocytoma
b. urothelial carcinoma
c. angiomyolipoma
d. clear cell carcinoma
d. clear cell carcinoma
Diagnosis of renal tumors and estimation of the stage is based on:
a. usg
b. arteriography
c. cavography
d. CT, MRI
d. CT, MRI
Tumor-like kidney disease is:
a. fibrosis retroperitonealis - ormond disease
b. renal stones
c. cystis, abscess, hematoma
d. lymphoma malignum
a. fibrosis retroperitonealis - ormond disease
Basic form of the treatment of renal cell carcinoma is: a. pharmacotherapy
b. chemotherapy
c. embolization and chemotherapy
d. nephrectomy and nephron sparing surgery- NSS
d. nephrectomy and nephron sparing surgery- NSS
Indications for nephron sparing surgery - NSS:
a. T1 a tumors
b. T3 a tumors
c. T1a-T3a tumors in solitary kidney
d. a and c are correct
d. a and c are correct
Treatment of renal angiomyolipoma :
a. tumors > 4cm - excision of the tumor
b. excision of the tumor < 4cm
c. embolization of the tumor
d. nephrectomy
a. tumors > 4cm - excision of the tumor
Wilms tumor:
a. is observed only in children
b. only surgical treatment is used
c. only chemotherapy is used
d. in adult surgical treatment and chemotherapy are used
d. in adult surgical treatment and chemotherapy are used
Ren spongiosus:
a. is risk factor for kidney stones
b. is connected with hypercalcemia
c. is risk factor for urinary tract infection
d. a, b and c are correct
d. a, b and c are correct
Simple renal cyst- indication for the treatment: a. cystis volume
b. urinary tract infection
c. renal sufficiency
d. symptomatic cystis- hypertension, ache, intracystic bleeding
d. symptomatic cystis- hypertension, ache, intracystic bleeding
Risk factors for urothelial carcinoma of renal pelvis are:
a. abuse of analgetic drugs
b. urinary tract infection
c. diabetes
d. obesity
a. abuse of analgetic drugs
Treatment of renal urothelial carcinoma:
a) surgical treatment, endoscopic treatment, chemotherapy if needed (combined therapy)
b) only radiotherapy
c) only surgical treatment d) only chemotherapy
a) surgical treatment, endoscopic treatment, chemotherapy if needed (combined therapy)
The most frequent type of urinary bladder neoplasm is:
a) adenocarcinoma
b) adenoma
c) sarcoma
d) urothelial carcinoma
d) urothelial carcinoma
Basic diagnostic method in bladder carcinoma is:
a) endoscopic examination- cystoscopy
b) CT of the abdomen and pelvis
c) IVP- intravenous pyelography
d) renal scintigraphy
a) endoscopic examination- cystoscopy
Method of the treatment in superficial bladder carcinoma is: a) systemic chemotherapy
b) radiotherapy
c) BCG- immunotherapy
d) TURB- transurethral resection of the tumor, intravesical chemotherapy, TURB+ BCG-therapy
d) TURB- transurethral resection of the tumor, intravesical chemotherapy, TURB+ BCG-therapy
Indications for cystectomy in superficial bladder carcinoma is: a) recurrent bleeding
b) recurrence and progression after BCG- therapy
c) high risk tumors- elective indications
d) b, c are correc
d) b, c are correc
.Treatment of more advanced bladder tumors T2 and > T2 is:
a) radical cystectomy
b) radiotherapy alone
c) only chemotherapy
d) combined treatment: cystectomy and chemotherapy if needed
d) combined treatment: cystectomy and chemotherapy if needed
The most frequent methods of urinary diversion:
a) Bricker operation
b) ureterosigmoideostomy c)orthotopic ileal bladder
d) rectal bladder
a) Bricker operation
Carcinoma of the penis:
a) urothelial carcinoma is the most frequent
b) adenocarcinoma is the most frequent
c) condylomata accuminata are the most frequent
d) planoepithelial carcinoma is the most frequent
d) planoepithelial carcinoma is the most frequent
In the treatment of carcinoma of the penis is NOT used:
a) penis amputation
b) partial resection of the penis
c) chemotherapy alone
d) circumcision, brachytherapy, radiotherapy in T1 tumors
c) chemotherapy alone
Diagnosis of testicular tumors is based on:
a) history of the disease and physical examination
b) markers levels are the most important
c) USG examination is the most important
d) physical examination, USG of the testicle, markers levels
d) physical examination, USG of the testicle, markers levels
Basic method of the treatment of testicular cancers are: a) chemotherapy
b) orchidectomy
c) radiotherapy
d) orchidectomy combined with lymphadenectomy
d) orchidectomy combined with lymphadenectomy
BPH- benign prostatic hypertrophy - not frequent symptoms: a) connected with BPE- benign prostatic enlargement
b) connected with BPO- bladder outlet obstruction
c) LUTS- lower urinary tract syndrome
d) haematuria
d) haematuria
Frequent complications of BPH:
a) incomplete urinary retention
b) urinary tract infection
c) renal insufficiency
d) hydronephrosis
a) incomplete urinary retention
The most important diagnosis of BPH is:
a) DRE- digital rectal examination
b) abdomen CT
c) level of PSA
d) TRUS - transrectal USG
a) DRE- digital rectal examination
In pharmacological treatment of BPH is not used:
a) LH- RH analogues
b) 5- alpha reductase inhibitors
c) alpha receptor blockers
d) 5- alpha reductase inhibitors combined with alpha receptor blockers
a) LH- RH analogues
Diagnosis of the prostatic cancer is based on:
a) PSA level
b) histopathologic examination
c) DRE- digital rectal examination
d) a, b are correct
d) a, b are correct
Surgical treatment of BPH:
a) TURP- transurethral resection of the prostate
b) adenomectomy
c) radical prostatectomy
d) a, b, are correct
d) a, b, are correct
In treatment of organ confined prostatic cancer not used: a) radical prostatectomy
b) radiotherapy
c) brachytherapy
d) laser-therapy
d) laser-therapy
Hormonal treatment of the prostatic cancer is recommended:
a) in stage T1-T2, N0, M0
b) in all stages of prostatic cancer
c) after radical prostatectomy
d) a, b, c are incorrect
d) a, b, c are incorrect
Causes of hyperoxaluria are:
a) high endogenic production of oxaluric acid
b) high absorption of oxaluric acid in digestive system
c) diet: cacao, coffee, tomatoes
d ) a a, , b b, caraer ecocrorrercetc t
d ) a a, , b b, caraer ecocrorrercetc t
Indications for ESWL is not:
a) staghorn stones of the kidney
b) renal pelvis stone <2cm
c)calyceal stones
d) ureteral
a) staghorn stones of the kidney
Stein Strasse after ESWL is:
a) residual stone in renal pelvis
b) stone in the bladder
c) small stones in the ureter
d) b,c are correct
c) small stones in the ureter
Indication for URS- ureterorenoscopy is:
a) ureteric stone after ineffective ESWL
b) in all cases of ureteric stones
c)in cases of ureteric stones and urinary tract infection d)in cases of calyceal stones
a) ureteric stone after ineffective ESWL
