LAST TOPIC Flashcards by NI�O KHYLE MONTOYA

A _______ is a disturbance in a medium that carries energy without a net movement of particles. It may take the form of elastic deformation, a variation of pressure, electric or magnetic intensity, electric potential, or temperature.

WAVE

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Motion in which all points on a wave oscillate along paths at right angles to the direction of the wave’s advance

TRANSVERSE WAVE

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These are waves where the displacement of the medium is in the same direction as the direction of the travelling wave.

LONGITUDINAL WAVE

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is the maximum displacement of any particle in the medium relative to its position

AMPLITUDE (A)

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___________ of vibration is the time for a particle to complete one cycle

PERIOD (T)

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___________ of vibration is the number of such vibrations executed by the particle each second.

FREQUENCY (f)

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The distance along the direction of propagation between corresponding points on the wave.

WAVELENGTH (LAMBDA)

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Wavelength formula

Lambda= V/f

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Wave velocity

V=lambda/T

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Wave number

K=2π/lambda

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Velocity of a transverse wave on a stretched string

V=√TL/m

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Fundamental frequency on a stretched string

f=V/2L=1/2L√TL/m

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(LAWS OF VIBRATING STRING)

The frequency of a vibrating string is inversely proportional to the length when other factors are considered the same.

LAW OF STRENGTH F1/F2=L2/L1

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(LAWS OF VIBRATING STRING)

The frequency of a vibrating string is directly proportional to the square root of the tension when other factors are considered the same.

LAW OF TENSION F1/F2=√T1/T2

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(LAWS OF VIBRATING STRING)

The frequency of a vibrating string is inversely proportional to its diameter when the other factors are considered the same.

F1/F2=d1/d2

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(LAWS OF VIBRATING STRING)

The frequency of a vibrating string is directly proportional to the square root of the density when other factors are considered the same.

LAW OF DENSITY F1/F2=√P1/P2

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The pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through a medium (such as air, water, or any other liquid or solid matter) as it propagates away from the source of the sound.

SOUND WAVES

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3 NATURE OF WAVES:

-INFRASONIC WAVE
-SONIC WAVE
-ULTRA SONIC WAVE

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Are waves whose frequencies are too low for humans to hear. These have frequencies below 20 Hz

INFRASONIC WAVES

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Are waves that can be heard by the human ear. These have a frequency range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

SONIC WAVES

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Are waves whose frequencies are too high to hear. These have the frequencies greater than 20,000 Hz.

ULTRASONIC WAVES

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GENERATION OF SOUND

In order to generate sound, these three important thing must be present:

There must be a vibrating body
There must be a medium to transmit the vibration (sound cannot travel in vacuum)
There must be a receiver to detect the sound.

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CLASSIFICATION OF SOUND

A sound of one regular vibration or one being received by the ear to have a musical sequence.

TONES OR MUSICAL SOUNDS

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A sound of irregular vibration or one with no definite range of frequency.

NOISE

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CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND Is a physiological sensation that refers to the strength of the sensation as received by the ear. It depends mainly on the sound amplitude of vibrations. Its subjected unit is SONE.

LOUDNESS

Is the attribute of authority sensation in terms of which sound may be ordered on a scale primarily related to frequency. Its subject unit is MEI.

PITCH

Is the attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which a listener can judge that two sounds similarly presented and having the same loudness and pitch are dissimilar. It is also known as "tone color".

QUALITY OR TIMBRE

Is the power carried by the wave through a unit perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Of the vibrating body.

INTENSITY

SOUND TERMINOLOGY it is a reflected sound. Sound like light waves can be reflected back when it strikes a surface.

ECHO

Is the persistence of sound in space after the original sound is removed.

REVERBERATION

Is the cone-shaped wave made by an object moving at supersonic speed through a fluid.

SHOCK WAVE

Is the loud sound resulting from the incidence of a shock wave

SONIC BOOM

It refers to the alteration of maximum and minimum sound intensity produced by superposition of two sound waves of slightly different frequencies.

BEATS

Refers to the response of a body when a forcing frequency matches its natural frequency.

RESONANCE

It is a frequency at which an elastic object naturally tends to vibrate if it is disturbed and the disturbing force is removed.

NATURAL FREQUENCY

Refers to the unwanted ness of sounds. The subject unit of it is NOY.

NOISINESS

Is the superposition of one wave on another.

INTERFERENCE

Is the speed of an object moving through air, or any fluid substance, divided by the speed of sound as it is in that substance. It was provided by the Austrian physicist Ernst _____.

MACH NUMBER (M) Subsonic: M<1 Sonic: M=1 Transonic: 0.85

SOUND INTENSITY LEVEL (SIL) SIL=?

10log(I/Io)

Unit for SIL?

dB or decibel

Where: I = ? Io = ?

I = Sound intensity in W/m² Io = Minimum intensity for hearing Io = 1x10^-12 W/m²

SPEED OF SOUND IN AIR (Tc<20°C) Where: V = ? Tc = ?

V = Velocity of sound in m/s Tc = temperature of air in °C

Formula for Toc (Celsius)

Toc = 5/9(°F - 32)

Formula for Tof (Farenheit)

Tof = 1.8(°C + 32)

Formula for Tor (Rankine)

Tor = °F + 460

SPEED OF SOUND IN IDEAL GAS Where y = ratio of specific heat R = gas constant 8.314472j/mol-k MW = Molecular weight in kg/mol T = absolute temperature

V = √yRT/MW

SPEED OF SOUND IN OTHER MEDIUM Where: E = modulus of elasticity p = density

V = √E/p

Is the apparent rise and falls in the pitch of the sound of a sounding body as the sounding body or observer approaches or leaves the observer

DOPPLER EFFECT fo = (fs) v+-vo/v+-vs

Thermo in greek means?

HEAT

Dynamis in greek means?

POWER

It is the science that deals with the conversion of energy from one form to another, the direction of heat, and the availability of the energy to do work.

THERMODYNAMICS

Refers to a definite quantity of matter most often contained with some closed surface chosen for study

THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM

Types of thermodynamics system

- ISOLATED SYSTEM (Energy-In and matter-in) -CLOSED SYSTEM (Energy-in & out and matter-in) -OPEN SYSTEM (Energy and matter-in & out)

Are properties that do not depend on the mass of the system such as temperature, pressure, density, and velocity.

INTENSIVE PROPERTY

Are properties that depend on the mass of the system such as volume, momentum and kinetic energy.

EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES

Refers to a state of balance. Under this condition, there are no unbalanced potentials of driving forces within the system.

THERMODYNAMICS EQUILIBRIUM

- A state wherein the temperature is the same all throughout the entire system.

THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM

-A state wherein there is no change in pressure at any point of the system with time.

MECHANICAL EQUILIBRIUM

-A state wherein the phase of the system involving two or more phases stays the same at point in time.

PHASE EQUILIBRIUM

It is used to measure the degree of hotness and coldness of a thermodynamic substance with reference to a standard value. It is measured using the device called THERMOMETER

TEMPERATURE

Is the temperature at which the substance changes its state from solid to liquid. If the substance is liquid at 25, this temperature is usually called the freezing point

MELTING POINT

Is the temperature at which the substance changes its state from liquid to gas. If the substance is gas at 25, this temperature is usually called a condensation point.

BOILING POINT

Is the point (combination of temperature and pressure) at which all three phases of that substance coexist simultaneously.

TRIPLE POINT

Is a point on a three dimensional graph of temperature, pressure and molar volume beyond which that substance can only exist gas.

CRITICAL POINT

Celsius Scale is named after a Swedish astronomer?

ANDERS CELSIUS

In this scale, the boiling point and the freezing point of water at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) is

CELSIUS SCALE

Farenheit scale is named after the German Physicist _________

GABRIEL DANIEL FARENHEIT

On this scale, the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure is 212 and the freezing point is.

FARENHEIT SCALE

Kelvin scale is named after the British scientist ________________ who first used the term thermodynamics.

LORD KELVIN/SIR WILLIAM THOMSON

It is the absolute temperature scale. This standard based on the triple point of water 273.16K

KELVIN SCALE

Rankine scale is named after ________________ who wrote the first thermodynamic textbook

WILLIAM MACQUORN RANKINE

A form of transferred energy between two bodies that arises from the random motion of molecules

HEAT ENERGY OR THERMAL ENERGY

Transfer of energy between adjacent molecules

CONDUCTION

Movement of a hot fluid

CONVECTION

Emission of electromagnetic

RADIATION

Is the amount of heat necessary to change the phase of a system without changing its temperature.

LATENT HEAT

Is the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of the system without changing its phase.

SENSIBLE HEAT

Entering the substance is the sum of the latent heat and the sensible heat.

TOTAL HEAT

Is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of a substance by.

SPECIFIC HEAT

PAKYU NINYO

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