last test

Question 1

1. Although feminist therapy addresses social and political issues pertaining to gender-role stereotyping, this approach does not address most other forms of oppression.
   T
   F

Answer 1

false

Question 2

2. One of the goals of feminist therapy is to help women understand how sexist and oppressive societal beliefs and practices influence them in negative ways.
   T
   F

Answer 2

true

Question 3

3. A criticism of feminist therapy is that it was developed by White, middle-class, heterosexual women.
   T
   F

Answer 3

true

Question 4

4. Therapist self-disclosure is rarely used in feminist therapy.
   T
   F

Answer 4

false

Question 5

5. Gender-role analysis involves a cooperative exploration by client and therapist of the impact of gender on the client’s distress.
   T
   F

Answer 5

true

Question 6

6. In feminist therapy, clients are viewed as active participants in redefining themselves in the context of the therapeutic relationship, rather than the therapist being viewed as the best or “expert” source.
   T
   F

Answer 6

true

Question 7

7. Feminist therapy is an approach that is applicable to women but not to men.
   T
   F

Answer 7

false

Question 8

8. Instead of being diverse, feminist practice is a single and unified approach to therapy.
   T
   F

Answer 8

false

Question 9

9. Women now are assuming positions of leadership in government and business, and this can be interpreted to mean that women no longer have difficulty making life choices.
   T
   F

Answer 9

false

Question 10

10. It is probably accurate to say that in today’s society barriers no longer stand in the way of gender equity.
    T
    F

Answer 10

false

Question 11

11. Which approach to feminist therapy provides a model for critiquing the value of other traditional and feminist approaches?
    a. postmodern feminism
    b. brief therapy
    c. social learning theory
    d. global feminism
    e. none of the above

Answer 11

A

Question 12

12. All of the following are considered commonly used techniques in feminist therapy except for
    a. gender-role analysis.
    b. gender-role intervention.
    c. analysis of the transference relationship.
    d. power analysis.
    e. social action.

Answer 12

C

Question 13

13. All of the following are ways feminist therapy differs from traditional therapy except for
    a. viewing problems in a sociopolitical and cultural context.
    b. demystifying the therapeutic process.
    c. accepting the premise that diagnosis is a basic prerequisite for effective treatment.
    d. creating a therapeutic relationship that is egalitarian.
    e. recognizing that clients know what is best for their life and are experts in their own life.

Answer 13

C

Question 14

14. Which of the following interventions is least likely to be used by a feminist therapist?
    a. analysis and interpretation of transference
    b. sex-role analysis and intervention
    c. power analysis and intervention
    d. encouraging clients to take social action
    e. assertiveness training

Answer 14

A

Question 15

15. Which of the following is considered to be a major contribution feminists have made to the field of counseling?
    a. pioneering research in the therapy process
    b. creating a brief, solution-focused therapy approach
    c. integrating a diagnostic perspective in counseling practice
    d. paving the way for gender-sensitive practice

Answer 15

D

Question 16

16. A goal of feminist therapy is to empower all people to create a world of equality that is reflected at which of the following levels?
    a. individual and interpersonal
    b. institutional
    c. national
    d. global
    e. all of the above

Answer 16

E

Question 17

17. Feminist therapists refer to
    a. women’s problems as a reflection of hormonal imbalances.
    b. distress rather than psychopathology.
    c. feelings of emptiness and invisibility as deficits in one’s psychic structure.
    d. women’s anger as a reflection of the aggressive drive.

Answer 17

B

Question 18

18. The technique exploring ways that inequities or institutional barriers often limit self-definition and well-being is known as
    a. power analysis.
    b. reframing.
    c. gender-role intervention.
    d. self-disclosure.

Answer 18

A

Question 19

19. Which of the following aims to lessen the suffering caused by disconnection and isolation, increase the capacity for relational resilience, develop mutual empathy and mutual empowerment, and foster social justice?
    a. life-span perspective
    b. flexible-multicultural perspective
    c. postmodern approaches
    d. bibliotherapy.
    e. relational-cultural theory

Answer 19

E

Question 20

20. Regardless of the specific techniques used by a feminist therapist, the overriding goals are
    a. understanding how the past contributes to a client’s present and future strivings.
    b. exploring and understanding the role of transference in therapy.
    c. identifying, challenging, and replacing faulty beliefs.
    d. client empowerment and social transformation.

Answer 20

D

Question 21

21. Feminist therapists use self-disclosure to
    a. equalize the client–therapist relationship.
    b. normalize women’s collective experiences.
    c. empower clients.
    d. establish informed consent.
    e. do all of the above.

Answer 21

E

Question 22

22. Part of the feminist critique of assessment and diagnosis is that these procedures
    a. are often based on sexist assumptions.
    b. minimize the effect of environmental factors that influence behavior.
    c. provide different treatments to women and men who display similar symptoms.
    d. tend to reinforce gender-role stereotypes and encourage adjustment to the status quo.
    e. do all of the above.

Answer 22

E

Question 23

23. Which of the following is NOT considered to be a basic principle of feminist therapy?
    a. All types of oppression are recognized.
    b. Therapists have a commitment to social change.
    c. Definitions of psychological distress and mental illness are based on the DSM-5.
    d. Counseling is based on a relationship that is egalitarian.
    e. The personal is political.

Answer 23

C

Question 24

24. For which of the following purposes do feminist therapists NOT use therapeutic self-disclosure?
    a. equalizing the client–therapist relationship
    b. providing modeling
    c. normalizing women’s collective experiences
    d. avoiding being perceived by the client as being aloof and uncaring
    e. empowering clients

Answer 24

D

Question 25

25. Which of the following statements about feminist therapy is NOT true?
    a. Therapy is relatively short term.
    b. The model underlying practice tends to be static.
    c. A goal is to replace the current patriarchal system with feminist consciousness.
    d. Women are encouraged to define themselves rather than being defined by societal demands.
    e. Feminist therapy differs from traditional therapy in a number of ways.

Answer 25

B

Question 26

1. Narrative therapists believe new stories take hold only when there is an audience to appreciate and support such stories.
   T
   F

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

2. One of the functions of a narrative therapist is to ask questions of the client and, based on the answers, generate further questions.
   T
   F

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

3. Narrative therapy is a relational and anti-individualistic practice.
   T
   F

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

4. Narrative practitioners encourage clients to avoid being reduced by totalizing descriptions of their identity.
   T
   F

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

5. Narrative therapists pay more attention to a client’s past than they do to the client’s present and future.
   T
   F

Answer 30

FALSE

Question 31

6. In solution-focused therapy, gathering extensive information about a problem is a necessary step in helping clients find a solution to the problem.
   T
   F

Answer 31

FALSE

Question 32

7. Solution-focused therapists assist clients in paying attention to the exceptions to their problem patterns.
   T
   F

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

8. Solution-focused therapists use questions that presuppose change, posit multiple answers, and remain goal-directed and future-oriented.
   T
   F

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

9. In solution-focused therapy, the role of the client is to create solutions based on his or her internal resources.
   T
   F

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

10. Because solution-focused therapy is designed to be brief, it is essential that therapists teach clients specific strategies for understanding their problems.
    T
    F

Answer 35

FALSE

Question 36

11. Which of the following is true of narrative therapy and solution-focused therapy?
    a. The client is an expert on his or her own life.
    b. The therapeutic relationship should be hierarchical.
    c. The therapist is the expert on a client’s life.
    d. Clients should adjust to social and cultural norms.
    e. For change to occur, clients must first acquire insight into their problems.

Answer 36

A

Question 37

12. A major goal of narrative therapy is to
    a. shift from problem-talk to solution-talk.
    b. assist clients in designing creative solutions to their problems.
    c. invite clients to describe their experience in new and fresh language, and in doing this open up a new vision of what is possible.
    d. uncover a client’s self-defeating cognitions.
    e. enable clients to gain clarity about the ways their family of origin still affects them today.

Answer 37

C

Question 38

13. All of the following are true of narrative therapy except for
    a. viewing problems in a sociopolitical and cultural context.
    b. assisting clients in developing an alternative life story.
    c. accepting the premise that diagnosis is a basic prerequisite for effective treatment.
    d. creating a therapeutic relationship that is collaborative.
    e. recognizing that clients know what is best for their life and are experts in their own life.

Answer 38

C

Question 39

14. Which of the following interventions is least likely to be used by a narrative therapist?
    a. externalizing conversations
    b. mapping the influence of a problem
    c. power analysis and intervention
    d. the search for unique outcomes
    e. documenting the evidence

Answer 39

C

Question 40

15. Which of these techniques is NOT used in solution-focused therapy?
    a. a lifestyle assessment
    b. scaling questions
    c. the miracle question
    d. formula first-session task
    e. exception questions

Answer 40

A

Question 41

16. A major strength of both solution-focused and narrative therapies is the
    a. empirical evidence that has been collected on both approaches.
    b. attention given to how one’s early history sheds light on understanding current problems.
    c. history-taking procedure used during the intake interview.
    d. use of questioning.

Answer 41

D

Question 42

17. Two of the major founders of solution-focused brief therapy are
    a. Michael White and David Epston.
    b. Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer.
    c. Harlene Anderson and Harold Goolishian.
    d. Tom Andersen and Bill O’Hanlon.
    e. John Walter and Jane Peller.

Answer 42

B

Question 43

18. Two of the major founders of narrative therapy are
    a. Michael White and David Epston.
    b. Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer.
    c. Marlene Anderson and Harold Goolishian.
    d. Tom Andersen and Bill O’Hanlon.
    e. John Walter and Jane Peller.

Answer 43

A

Question 44

19. The therapeutic process in solution-focused brief therapy involves all of the following except for the notion
    a. of creating collaborative therapeutic relationships.
    b. of asking clients about those times when their problems were not present or when the problems were less severe.
    c. that clients are the experts on their own lives.
    d. that solutions evolve out of therapeutic conversations and dialogues.
    e. that therapists are experts in assessment and diagnosis.

Answer 44

C

Question 45

20. Which of the following is NOT a basic assumption guiding the practice of solution-focused brief therapy?
    a. Individuals who come to therapy have the ability to effectively cope with their problems.
    b. There are advantages to a positive focus on solutions and on the future.
    c. Clients want to change, have the capacity to change, and are doing their best to make change happen.
    d. Using techniques in therapy is a way of discounting a client’s capacity to find his or her own way.

Answer 45

D

Question 46

21. In solution-focused therapy, which kind of relationship is characterized by the client and therapist jointly identifying a problem and a solution to work toward?
    a. customer-type relationship
    b. the complainant
    c. a visitor
    d. a compliant client

Answer 46

A

Question 47

22. Pretherapy change is a solution-focused therapy technique that
    a. is arrived at by asking clients about exceptions to their problems.
    b. asks clients to address changes that have taken place from the time they made an appointment to the first therapy session.
    c. is based on a series of tests that the client takes prior to beginning therapy to get baseline data.
    d. involves the therapist offering clients ways they can change their perspective on the problems that brought them to therapy.

Answer 47

B

Question 48

23. Which of these solution-focused therapy techniques involves asking clients to describe life without the problem?
    a. pretherapy change
    b. the miracle question
    c. exception questions
    d. scaling
    e. formula first-session task

Answer 48

B

Question 49

24. In narrative therapy, the process of finding evidence to bolster a new view of the person as competent enough to have stood up to or defeated the dominance or oppression of the problem refers to
    a. the initial assessment.
    b. exploring problem-saturated stories.
    c. objectifying the problem.
    d. the search for unique outcomes.

Answer 49

D

Question 50

25. Which of the following statements about creating counter stories is NOT true?
    a. Constructing new stories goes hand in hand with deconstructing problem-saturated narratives.
    b. The narrative therapist analyzes and interprets the meaning of a client’s story.
    c. The therapist works with clients collaboratively by helping them construct more coherent and comprehensive stories that they live by.
    d. The development of counter stories is an enactment of ultimate hope.
    e. The narrative therapist listens for openings to new stories.

Answer 50

B

Question 51

1. The trend today is toward reliance on a single theory of family therapy rather than using an integrative approach.
   T
   F

Answer 51

FALSE

Question 52

2. The emergence of feminist and postmodern perspectives has moved the field of family therapy toward more egalitarian, collaborative, and co-constructing relationships.
   T
   F

Answer 52

TRUE

Question 53

3. A systems orientation precludes dealing with the dynamics within the individual because the focus is exclusively on the dynamics within the family.
   T
   F

Answer 53

FALSE

Question 54

4. A multilayered process of family therapy is best supported by a collaborative therapist–client relationship in which mutual respect, caring, empathy, and a genuine interest in others is primary.
   T
   F

Answer 54

TRUE

Question 55

5. Conducting an assessment is one of the phases of the mutilayered perspective in family therapy.
   T
   F

Answer 55

TRUE

Question 56

6. Understanding family process is almost always facilitated by “how” questions.
   T
   F

Answer 56

TRUE

Question 57

7. In terms of assessment, it is useful to inquire about family perspectives on issues inherent in each of the lenses.
   T
   F

Answer 57

TRUE

Question 58

8. The family therapist’s skill in communicating understanding and empathy through active listening lays the foundation for an effective working relationship.
   T
   F

Answer 58

TRUE

Question 59

9. All change in human systems starts with understanding and accepting things as they are.
   T
   F

Answer 59

TRUE

Question 60

10. Reframing is the art of putting what is known in a new, more useful perspective.
    T
    F

Answer 60

TRUE

Question 61

11. Which of the following family therapy models makes the most use of genograms, dealing with family-of-origin issues, and detriangulating relationships?
    a. integrative family therapy
    b. Bowenian multigenerational family therapy
    c. structural family therapy
    d. strategic therapy
    e. experiential family therapy

Answer 61

B

Question 62

12. Which approach attempts to bring family patterns to life in the present through sculpting and family reconstructions?
    a. Bowenian family therapy
    b. integrative family therapy
    c. structural family therapy
    d. strategic therapy
    e. human validation process model

Answer 62

E

Question 63

13. Which of the following is NOT a key general movement of the multilayered approach to family systems therapy?
    a. forming a relationship
    b. conducting an assessment
    c. hypothesizing and sharing meaning
    d. conducting empirical research to evaluate outcomes
    e. facilitating change

Answer 63

D

Question 64

14. Differentiation of the self is the cornerstone of which theory?
    a. Bowenian family therapy
    b. structural-strategic family therapy
    c. postmodern approaches
    d. human validation process model
    e. integrative models

Answer 64

A

Question 65

15. Virginia Satir’s human validation process model emphasizes
    a. the presence of the therapist.
    b. the relationship between therapist and family.
    c. empathic listening.
    d. nurturance.
    e. all of the above.

Answer 65

E

Question 66

16. The antidote to stress communications, according to Satir, is , in which family members are emotionally honest, speak for themselves, stay grounded (or centered), and are able to share their feelings and ask for what is needed.
    a. congruence
    b. unconditional positive regard
    c. detriangulation
    d. emotional decompression
    e. differentiation of self

Answer 66

A

Question 67

17. In assessing families, what question(s) might a structural-strategic therapist ask?
    a. “What were the routines that made up your early life, and what rules governed these routines?”
    b. “Who was aligned with whom—and what did they use that alignment to achieve?”
    c. “What rules and boundaries were set around each subsystem?”
    d. “What were common interactional sequences in your family?”
    e. All of the above.

Answer 67

E

Question 68

18. The multilayered approach to family therapy is best supported by
    a. a collaborative therapist–client relationship.
    b. evidence-based practice.
    c. an analysis of the individual’s psychodynamics.
    d. an informed consent process.

Answer 68

A

Question 69

19. What best defines the focus of family therapy?
    a. Most of the family therapies tend to be brief.
    b. Family therapy tends to be solution-focused.
    c. The focus is on here-and-now interactions in the family system.
    d. Family therapy is generally action-oriented.
    e. All of the above.

Answer 69

E

Question 70

20. Who were the first known practitioners of family therapy?
    a. Alfred Adler and Rudolf Dreikurs
    b. Jay Haley and Salvador Minuchin
    c. Michele Weiner-Davis and John Gottman
    d. Virginia Satir and Murray Bowen

Answer 70

A

Question 71

21. Which of the following roles and functions would be most atypical for a structural family therapist?
    a. joining the family in a position of leadership
    b. giving voice to the therapist’s own impulses and fantasies
    c. mapping the underlying structure of a family
    d. intervening in ways designed to transform an ineffective structure of a family
    e. being a stage director

Answer 71

B

Question 72

22. A family therapist poses the following question: “Who seems to be most upset when mom comes home late from work?” She is asking question.
    a. an intrusive
    b. a thought-provoking
    c. a circular or relational
    d. an exception
    e. a scaling

Answer 72

C

Question 73

23. Which approach rests on the premise that a family can best be understood when analyzed from a three-generation perspective?
    Answer
    a. Bowen’s approach to family therapy
    b. Satir’s approach to family therapy
    c. integrative family therapy
    d. postmodern approaches to family therapy
    e. structural-strategic family therapy

Answer 73

A

Question 74

24. Within the field of family therapy, who has been the most influential leader in the development of both gender and cultural perspectives?
    a. Monica McGoldrick
    b. Jay Haley
    c. Virginia Satir
    d. Salvador Minuchin
    e. Alfred Adler

Answer 74

A

Question 75

25. Facilitating change is what happens when family therapy is viewed as
    a. the therapist functioning as the expert.
    b. being conducted within the framework of evidence-based practice.
    c. a joint or collaborative process.
    d. an analysis of the core beliefs of each family member.
    e. a system of techniques designed to bring out intense emotions.

Answer 75

C

Question 76

1. Strengths-based CBT does not rely on techniques from evidence-based practice.
   T
   F

Answer 76

false

Question 77

2. REBT stresses the importance of the therapist demonstrating unconditional positive regard for the client.
   T
   F

Answer 77

true

Question 78

3. Cognitive therapy for depression was developed by Meichenbaum.
   T
   F

Answer 78

false

Question 79

4. A major contribution made by Ellis, the Becks, Padesky, and Meichenbaum is the demystification of the therapy process.
   T
   F

Answer 79

true

Question 80

5. Ellis shares Rogers’s view of the client–therapist relationship as a condition for change to occur within clients.
   T
   F

Answer 80

false

Question 81

6. Beck developed a procedure known as stress inoculation training.
   T
   F

Answer 81

false

Question 82

7. To feel worthwhile, human beings need love and acceptance from significant others.
   T
   F

Answer 82

false

Question 83

8. Ellis maintains that events themselves do not cause emotional disturbances; rather, it is our evaluation of and beliefs about these events that cause our problems.
   T
   F

Answer 83

true

Question 84

9. A difference between Beck’s cognitive therapy and Ellis’s REBT is that Beck places more emphasis on helping clients discover their misconceptions for themselves than does Ellis.
   T
   F

Answer 84

true

Question 85

10. According to Beck, people become disturbed when they label and evaluate themselves by a set of rules that are unrealistic.
    T
    F

Answer 85

true

Question 86

11. Which of the following is NOT a part of stress inoculation training?
    a. Socratic discovery-oriented inquiry
    b. relaxation training
    c. behavioral rehearsals
    d. self-reinforcement
    e. exception questions

Answer 86

E

Question 87

12. REBT is based on the philosophical assumption that human beings are
    a. innately striving for self-actualization.
    b. determined by strong unconscious sexual and aggressive forces.
    c. potentially able to think rationally but have a tendency toward irrational thinking.
    d. trying to develop a lifestyle to overcome feelings of basic inferiority.
    e. determined strictly by environmental conditioning.

Answer 87

C

Question 88

13. REBT stresses that human beings
    a. think, emote, and behave simultaneously.
    b. think without emoting.
    c. emote without thinking.
    d. behave without emoting or thinking.

Answer 88

A

Question 89

14. What is one role that SB-CBT practitioners would likely avoid assuming?
    a. collaborating with the client
    b. being active in the therapy process
    c. investigating happiness and resilience
    d. assuming an expert’s stance

Answer 89

D

Question 90

15. In cognitive behavioral group therapy
    a. some research shows that this approach is effective for treating a wide range of emotional and behavioral problems.
    b. the group leader assumes a blank screen demeanor so as to enhance transference feelings of the members.
    c. the assumption is that a therapeutic atmosphere is both necessary and sufficient for change to occur.
    d. the group leader believes that using techniques interferes with the group process.
    e. the emphasis is on having members identify and express feelings.

Answer 90

A

Question 91

16. Strengths-based CBT contends that people
    a. have a need to be loved and accepted by everyone.
    b. have incorporated many irrational absolute “shoulds,” “oughts,” and “musts” into their thinking.
    c. are victims of their past traumatic experiences.
    d. have within their being positive qualities such as altruism, creativity, and courage.
    e. need to be accepted and will become sick if they are rejected.

Answer 91

D

Question 92

17. According to REBT, we develop emotional disturbances because of
    a. a traumatic event.
    b. our beliefs about certain events.
    c. abandonment by those we depend on for support.
    d. withdrawal of love and acceptance.

Answer 92

B

Question 93

18. Meichenbaum’s focuses on helping clients become aware of their self-talk and the stories they tell about themselves.
    a. self-instructional training
    b. narrative therapy
    c. self-awareness conditioning
    d. self-talk analysis
    e. cognitive behavioral training

Answer 93

A

Question 94

19. In cognitive therapy the assumption is that psychological problems stem from processes such as
    a. faulty thinking.
    b. making incorrect inferences on the basis of inadequate or incorrect information.
    c. failing to distinguish between fantasy and reality.
    d. negative automatic thoughts.
    e. all of the above.

Answer 94

E

Question 95

20. Cognitive therapy is based on the assumption that
    a. our feelings determine our thoughts.
    b. our feelings determine our actions.
    c. cognitions are the major determinants of how we feel and act.
    d. the best way to change thinking is to reexperience past emotional traumas in the here and now.
    e. insight is essential for any type of change to occur.

Answer 95

C

Question 96

21. Cognitive therapy techniques are designed to
    a. assist clients in substituting rational beliefs for irrational beliefs.
    b. help clients experience their feelings more intensely.
    c. identify and test clients’ misconceptions and faulty assumptions.
    d. enable clients to deal with their existential loneliness.
    e. teach clients how to think only positive thoughts.

Answer 96

C

Question 97

22. The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms or categorizing experiences in either-or extremes is known as
    a. magnification and exaggeration.
    b. polarized thinking.
    c. arbitrary inference.
    d. overgeneralization.
    e. none of the above.

Answer 97

B

Question 98

23. Beck’s cognitive therapy differs from Ellis’s REBT in that Beck emphasizes
    a. a Socratic dialogue.
    b. helping clients discover their misconceptions by themselves.
    c. working with the client in collaborative ways.
    d. more structure in the therapeutic process.
    e. all of the above.

Answer 98

E

Question 99

24. Beck’s cognitive therapy has been most widely applied to the treatment of
    a. stress symptoms.
    b. psychosomatic reactions.
    c. phobias.
    d. depression.
    e. cardiovascular disorders.

Answer 99

D

Question 100

25. In self-instructional training, which of the following is given primary importance?
    a. detecting and debating irrational thoughts
    b. the role of inner speech
    c. learning the A-B-C model of emotional disturbances
    d. identifying cognitive errors
    e. exploring feelings that are attached to early decisions

Answer 100

B