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UworldSUN > LAST STRETCH > Flashcards

LAST STRETCH Flashcards

1
Q

internal carotid artery aneurysm can affect which part of the optic tract?

A

the lateral part of optic chiasm

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2
Q

small bowel cancer at the 3rd part of duodenum, which structure would it invade? how about 1st part /2nd part?

A

SMA. 1st part is gastroduodenal artery. 2nd part is common bile duct

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3
Q

left lower sternal border murmur that DECREASES on hand grip, dx?

A

HOCM

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4
Q

older guy with back pain, worse at night, position change and medications don’t help, dx?

A

spinal mets

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5
Q

papules on tongue and lips. calcitonin increased. marfanoid habitus. what other complication?

A

pheochromocytoma leading to headaches. MEN2A has marfanoid. Calcitonin is medullary CA of thyroid

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6
Q

brain infarction, what kind of necrosis? other tissue infarction?

A

liquefactive necrosis. all other tissues is coagulative- maintaining the structure of the cell because lytic enzymes are inactivated

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7
Q

integrin binds to what in extracellular matrix

A

fibronectin

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8
Q

12 yo boy with brain tumor, biopsy shows cysts with cholesterol crystals, dx?

A

craniopharyngioma

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9
Q

hives in elderly guy, rx? why?

A

2nd gen antihistamines, loratidine/cetirizine. cannot cross BBB

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10
Q

recovery phase of ATN, what to look out for?

A

hypokalemia

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11
Q

12 yo boy with PMH of eczema, presents with intermittent solid dysphagia, biopsy shows ringlike indentations, linear furrowing scattered small whitish papules, dx?

A

eosinophilic esophagitis

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12
Q

pure red cell aplasias, 3 ddx?

A

parvovirus b19, thymoma, lymphocytic leukemias

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13
Q

coarse facial features, corneal clouding, defective phosphorylation of mannose residues in the Golgi, where do this proteins usually go?

A

lysosome. I-cell disease

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14
Q

rabies virus preexposure and postexposure treatment?

A

pre- inactivated vaccine. post- inactivated vaccine and immunoglobulin

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15
Q

link between pancreatitis and respiratory distress

A

ARDS because of cytokine and enzymes

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16
Q

councilman bodies

A

eosinophilic due to hepatocyte apoptosis

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17
Q

VLCFA oxidation happens in the?

A

peroxisome

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18
Q

immunodeficiency, absent thymic shadow, but calcium level is normal

A

SCID

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19
Q

clostridium septicum risk factor

A

colon CA

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20
Q

diabetic gastroparesis rx, 1st line and 2nd line

A

metoclopramide then erythromycin

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21
Q

what drug to give for boobies in men? danazol, tamoxifen, or bicalutamide

A

tamoxifen

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22
Q

what is essential for HBV replication and life cycle?

A

reverse transcription of RNA to DNA. it first enters as partially double strand DNA, uses host machinery to “repair” this then makes RNA, then uses RT to make its own DNA

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23
Q

pathophysiology of aortic calcific stenosis

A

like atherosclerosis at first then fibroblasts transform to osteoblasts and lay down bone matrix

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24
Q

intermittent explosive vs mood dysregulation

A

latter is in kids

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25
Q

PPV sigh….

A

TP/TP and FN

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26
Q

pelvic fracture in a man with urinary retention, where is the injury?

A

urethra at the membranous portion after the prostatic part

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27
Q

cavernous sinus thrombosis/internal carotid artery/pituitary adenoma, what nerve is affected?

A

6th nerve lacteral rectus

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28
Q

anaphylaxis, what else is released together with histamine?

A

tryptase

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29
Q

what causes mast cell degranulation?

A

receptor aggregation

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30
Q

EBV associated lymphoma, greatest risk factor for this?

A

HIV

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31
Q

COPD patient with low grade fever and chronic cough, sputum culture shows budding yeast form at 37 degrees, organism?

A

candida, found in normal oral flora.

32
Q

orotic aciduria and ammonemia, enzyme deficiency?

A

ornithine transcarbamylase. the other one is UMP synthase, in pyrimidine synthase pathway that one the ammonia is not high

33
Q

expanding aneuyrsm of the ICA, what nerve is affected?

A

abducens. the orbicularis oculi is controlled by facial nerve

34
Q

drug in heart failure that increases systolic BP, diastolic BP and decreases heart rate, dx?

A

phenylephrine

35
Q

CNS tumor, dilation of ventricles and found in the ventricles, dx? and hallmark

A

ependymoma, perivascular pseudorosettes

36
Q

mu opiate affect on spinal neurons to exert effect (2)

A

presynaptic- block influx of voltage gated Ca, inhibiting NT release. postsynaptic- efflux of potassium to hyperpolarize

37
Q

what kind of polyp in colon have malignancy potential?

A

villous, adenomatous. lymphoid, hamartomatous, hyperplastic all are low

38
Q

confusion ataxia opthalmoplegia, what krebs cycle reaction is inhibited?

A

a-KG dehydrogenase (uses thiamine). pyruvate dehydrogenase too, but EtOH makes Acetyl CoA directly

39
Q

describe flow of CSF

A

choroid plexus, monroe, cerebral aqueduct of sylvius, magendie and lushka

40
Q

p-value and CI. CI of relative risk is 1.02-1.89. what is p-value

A

less than 0.05 because significant

41
Q

post lung transplant, pneumonia like illness, organism?

A

CMV

42
Q

overdose on methotrexate, rx?

A

leucovorin- folinic acid

43
Q

3 mechanisms of Down’s inheritance

A

nondisjunction, translocation, mosaicism

44
Q

COPD pneumonia. pick one bacterial and one viral

A

H. influenza, rhinovirus. Staph is postinfluenza pneumonia

45
Q

garlic breath and diarrhea after eating insectide for suicide attempt. dx and rx?

A

arsenic poisoning, dimercaprol

46
Q

yellow-tinting of objects, dx?

A

digoxin tox

47
Q

tremor, benztropine or propranalol?

A

propranalol for essential tremor, benz for parkinsons

48
Q

multiple ulcers penis of sexually active guy, biopsy shows big cells with a lot of nuclei, rx?

A

acyclovir

49
Q

rx for chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

azithromycin, doxycycline

50
Q

germ cell tumor in a guy with enlarged thyroid, dx?

A

b-HCG causing TSH like sxs

51
Q

ovarian mass in a 23 yo woman, dx?

A

teratoma

52
Q

young guy with STDs, maculopapular rash and wart-like raised lesions in scrotum and perineal region, dx?

A

syphillis, plasma cell infiltrate with endarteritiis

53
Q

sister yanked her brothers arm, now holding it flexed and pronated, dx?

A

raidial head sublaxation out of the annular ligament

54
Q

MAO inhibitors used when in depression

A

atypical features: increased appetite hypersomnia mood reactivity, leaden paralysis, rejection sensitivity

55
Q

ASD. what changes in heart are irreversible?

A

pulmonary htn leading to Eisenmengers

56
Q

erythema nodosum, hilar LAD and ACE is elevated, dx?

A

sarcoidosis

57
Q

influenza virus prev not able to affect humans now are. change of what specifically allows for this?

A

surface glycoproteins. mechanism: maybe genetic reassortment

58
Q

frequent infections, mutation on TAP1 gene, normal T B cells and Ig levels. dx?

A

MHC class I cannot be displayed, leading to CD8 activation defect

59
Q

north south west southwest, what does it detect

A

mRNA/DNA/protein/DNA bound protein

60
Q

primary cilliary dyskinesia triad

A

bronchiectasis, sinusitis, situs-inversus. and also no flagella on sperm

61
Q

infection by bacteria, the LPS activates TLR, then transcription factor is freed by inactivating IkB. what is this?

A

NFkB. TNF-a is the effector

62
Q

lung cancer, ex smoker, woman, histo shows irregular glands, dx?

A

adenoCA

63
Q

paraneoplastic for RCC

A

PTHrP, EPO

64
Q

older uncle with hematuria, renal mass and hypercalcemia, firm and enlarged prostate dx?

A

RCC

65
Q

precocious puberty, fibrous dysplasia of bone, cafe au lait, dx and mechanism?

A

mccune albright syndrome, activation of CAMP/Gs/Adenyl cyclase pathway

66
Q

bell’s palsy, associated with?

A

decreased tearing (facial nerve has parasympathetic branches to lacrimal gland)

67
Q

cardiogenic vs non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema can be distinguished by?

A

PCWP

68
Q

DMD, what is defect

A

dystrophin- something that links sarcolemma to cytoskeleton

69
Q

rupture of intracranial aneuyrsm in young man, a/w?

A

coarctation of aorta , HTN and vascular abnormalities

70
Q

post- hysterectomy pain and fever but you can still pee what is injured

A

ureter

71
Q

pregnant mother who had arthralgia gives birth to stillborn at 18 weeks. dx?

A

parvovirus- Single strand DNA naked virus

72
Q

aortic valve replacement, afterwards has increased LVEDP and decreased aortic diastolic pressure, complication?

A

aortic regurg

73
Q

RPGN, what is deposited in the crescents

A

fibrin

74
Q

freiderich’s ataxia signs

A

pes cavus, kyphoscoliosis, ataxia, loss of position sense, a/w HOCM and DM. spinocerebellar tracts. trinucleotide repeat of frataxin gene

75
Q

eptifibatide and tirofiban and cilostozol and dipyramidole moa?

A

first 2 are GPII/III a inhibitors. latter 2 are PDE inhibitors, cause vasodilation

76
Q

tuberin hamartin merlin EGFR

A

first two are tuberous sclerosis, then NF2 then GBM

UworldSUN (11 decks)

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