Last section Flashcards
What is the general structure of carbohydrates?
(CH2O)n
What do mono saccharides usually contain?
aldehyde group/ ketone group
True or false, glucose and ATP are mono saccharides
True
The general form of mono saccharides is?
Cyclic
Carbohydrates are attached to proteins are called ?
Glycoproteins
What are long chains of hydrocarbons with a polar carboxyl group at one end?
Fatty acids
What are fatty acids in which the fatty acid chains are joined to glycerol via ester linkages?
Triacylglcerols
What lipids have a polar head group and a hydrophobic tail?
Phospholipids
What are polycyclic hydrocarbons that form signaling molecules, components of membranes (cholesterol).
Steroids
Richer source of fuel, fatty acids or carbs?
fatty acids
Difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
double bonds
Glycolipids have blank head and blank tail
polar/hydrophobic
Steroids have a tetracyclic structure
true
what forces hold lipid bilayers together?
hydrophobic effects
What is Km
concentration for half maximal binding of substrate
What stops lipids from flipping to different sides of the lipid bi layer?
polar head
protein>sugar
glycoproteins
sugar>protein
proteoglycans
most common structure to cross lipid bi layer
alpha helix
proteins that pass through lipid bi layer
integral membrane
proteins binding to integral membrane proteins
peripheral membrane
proteins are anchored to the plasma membrane by virtue of their attachment to a fatty acid lipid that is embedded in the plasma membrane
membrane anchored proteins
Peripheral membrane proteins can be washed off of membranes with conditions like high salt
true
Integral membrane proteins can be removed with high salts
false
Bind the transported molecule and undergo a conformational change that transports the molecule to the other side.
Transporters
Hydrophilic channel through the membrane. Do not bind the transported molecule.
Channels
Interior of a cell has a net positive charge true of false
false
two main kinds of proteins that carry out active transport
coupled transporter, ATP pump
ion channel are not selective for which ions pass through
false
two ways ion channels are selective
selectivity filter, voltage gated
break down food molecules, oxidation
catabolism
use energy and small molecules to drive synthesis of other molecules
anabolism
most stable form of carbon
CO2
Cells obtain energy from sugars and other organic molecules by allowing their carbon and hydrogen atoms to combine with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O
aerobic respiration
3 energy carrier proteins
ATP, NADH,NADPH
Unfavorable metabolic reactions are driven by coupling them to ….
ATP hydrolysis
In ATP hydrolysis, making a high energy intermediate that can react directly with A-H in an energetically favorable reaction is called…
phosphoryl transfer reaction
What do NADH and NADPH carry?
high energy electrons
NAD+ and NADH+ pick up how many electrons and protons?
2 electron 1 proton
NADPH readily gives up…
hydride ion
NADPH and NADP are part of what pathway?
reducing agent in anabolic pathways
NAD+ and NADH+ are part of what pathway?
oxidizing agent in catabolic pathways
A coenzyme A carries a readily transferable acetyl group in what kind of linkage?
thiolester
