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History - The Tudors > Last Minute Tudor revision > Flashcards

Last Minute Tudor revision Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Act of Ten Articles and what did it do?

A

1536 - Stated that only 3 sacraments were necessary for slavation. Praying to saints to forgive sins was rejetced but confession praised. Mix of Lutheran and Catholic influences

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2
Q

When and what were the first set of royal injunctions?

A

Pronounced against superstitious beliefs on pilgrimages, relics and images. Required the clergy to teach parishoners about the Ten Articles and the Lord’s Prayer

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3
Q

When was the dissolution of the monastries?

A

1536-40

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4
Q

What religious change happened in 1537?

A

The Bishops Books - restored the other four sacraments at a lower status

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5
Q

What and when were the second set of royal injunctions?

A

1538 - Ordered the removal of images, continuance of baptisms and marraiges and ordered the placing of a large Bible in English in every church

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6
Q

What was first published in 1539?

A

The Great Bible, edited by Cranmer. Distributed to every church

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7
Q

When was the Act of Six Articles and what did it do?

A

1539 - reasserted Catholic doctrine and transubstantiation

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8
Q

What was the King’s Book and when was it published?

A

1543 - revised the Bishop’s Book - it was largely conservative, with some Protestant feaures

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9
Q

What was passed in 1547 under Somerset?

A
  • A new Treason Act allowing religious issues to be discussed and removed censorship, allowing Protestant material to be brought to England legally
  • An Act was passed to end the practices of masses for souls of teh dead
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10
Q

What was introduced in 1549?

A

The First Book of Common Prayer, written by Cranmer and used for all services. It was enforced by and Act of Uniformity. It translated traditional services into English and was ambigious in relation to the Eucharist using wording which might still allow the belief of transubstantiation

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11
Q

What cermonial change to religion happened under Northumberland>

A

Removal of altars and reforms to Church services

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12
Q

What was published in 1552?

A

A Second Book of Common Prayer, to replace the 1549 one, it was accompanied by another Act of Uniformity and it removed remaining “conservative” ceremonies, gave a Protestant form of baptism, confirmation and Communion, removing ambiguity of 1549.

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13
Q

What was published in 1553?

A

Cranmer’s Forty-Two Articles of Religion, provided an official Protestant statement of doctrine but Edward’s death meant they were never put in

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14
Q

Why was the economic position of England poor in 1547?

A

Following Henry’s expenditure on war, inflation from debasement, a growth of the population and increasing enclosure, decreasing exports of cloth

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15
Q

What rebellions were there under Edward and when was it?

A

1549 - Western Rebellion
1549 - Kett’s Rebellion

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16
Q

What was the Western Rebellion prompted by?

A
  • Religious grievances mainly being the First Book of Common Prayer
  • The Sheep Tax - a sign of an uncaring govt.
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17
Q

What happened with the rebels of the Western Rebellion

A

They besieged Exeter but were defeated by Lord Russell’s troops in August

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18
Q

When and What was Kett’s Rebellion?

A

In July 1549, a group of rebels led by the tanner Robert Kett captured Norwich. The rebellion was motivatde by - The resentment of enclosure and local frustration.

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19
Q

Who suppressed Kett’s Rebellion?

A

John Dudley - later Duke of Northumberland

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20
Q

How did Northumberland try and remedy the situation of the ‘crisis’ of 1549?

A

He ended foreign wars, reorganised finanical administration and passed a new Poor Law in 1552

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21
Q

What did Somerset inherit in terms of foreign relations and what did he chose to do with the situation?

A

A war with France and Scotland, Somerset chose to continue this despite the costs, hoping to unite Scotland and England with a marriage of Edward Vi and Mary Queen of Scots

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22
Q

Where did Somerset have foreign policy success?

A

The Battle of Pinkie in 1547

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23
Q

What did it prove too expensive for Somerset to continue?

A

Garrisoning border forts in Scotland

24
Q

In what ways was Somerset’s FP a failure?

A

He was unable to stop the French coming in to Edinburgh and take Mary(Queen of Scots) to France to marry the french heir

25
Q

How did Northumberland respond to the 1549 French threat of invasion?

A

He negotiated peace, abonded the English garrisons in Scotland and returned Boulogne to the French

26
Q

In what ways was Northumberland’s FP a failure?

A

It was a big climb-down to just give Boulogne back to the French and give up fighting Scotland

27
Q

What did the 1534 Succession Act do?

A
  • Declared Mary illegitimate
  • Stated that succession would lie with Anne’s children
28
Q

What did the 1536 Succession Act do?

A
  • Followed Anne’s execution
  • Declared Elizabeth illegitimate
  • Stated that in the absence of a male heir he could name his illegitimate son, henry fitzroy, but he died in 1536
29
Q

When and what did the final succession Act under Henry VIII do?

A

1544
- Re-ligitimised Elizabeth and Mary
- Affirmed Henry’s right to change the succession by will or letters patent

30
Q

How did Henry VIII use nobles?

A
  • Gave property and land so they could exert royal authority eg Suffold given land in Lincolnshire after the rebellion in 1536
  • Ensured full loyalty by executing some nobles if suspicious of loyalty eg Duke of Buckingham 1521
  • Conferred knighthoods as a sign of favour
31
Q

How did English society change under Henry VIII?

A

Gentry and Jps grew as land became available from the dissolution.
Standard of living was varied with social and location factors
More peasants were able to buy and own land

32
Q

What was the social impact of religious upheaval under Henry VIII?

A
  • resentment at the dissolution of monastries and attacks on Catholic practices led to a major rebellion - The Pilgrimage of Grace 1536
  • A huge amount of land transferred from the Church to the Crown but by 1547, two-thirds of this confiscated land had been cheaply sold off to pay for Henry’s foreign policy
  • Education suffered because of the loss of monastery schools
  • Monks and nuns were unemployed, the impact of monastries in communities, offering jobs, welfare etc was lost
33
Q

How many people were involved in the Lincolnshire Rising and Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

40,000

34
Q

What was the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A
  • Started as a rising in Lincolnshire in Oct 1536 but then a second and more militant rising, the Pilgrimage of Grace, started in the Yorkshire dales and spread around the area.
35
Q

What were teh causes of the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A
  • Religious : Fear of dissolution of monastries and fear about traditional local parishes
  • Secular motives: Economic greivances and hatred of nobles like Suffolk given land in Linolnshire
36
Q

What were the Pontefract Articles?

A

A list of demands made by the rebels of the Pilgrimage of Grace. they included religious concerns from common people and clergy and a demand to restore some of the suppressed religious houses. Also had regional demands like for Parliament to meet at York

37
Q

When did the Pilgrimage of Grace take place?

A

Oct-Dec 1536

38
Q

What was domestic policy centred on under Wolsey’s chancellorship?

A

Strengthening royal authority and raising finance

39
Q

How did Wolsey change the legal system?

A
  • Court of Chancery (‘fair’ justice in problems relating to enclosure, fields, wills)
  • Star Chamber (made the centre of government and the legal system. Heard cases of alleged misconduct)
  • Local law officers appointed
  • Authority of Crown over regional councils extended
40
Q

How did Wolsey raise finance for the King?

A
  • Set up a network of royal commissioners appointed by himself to raise subsidies
  • 1525 Amicable Grant
  • Eltham Ordinances in 1526 to reduce royald household expenditure
41
Q

Who did the Pope send to hear the case about Henry’s annulment in 1529?

A

Cardinal Campeggio

42
Q

What was Wolsey charged with in 1529?

A

Praemunire

43
Q

How did Cromwell negotiate the movement from papal control to establish royal supremacy in 1532?

A
  • The First Act of Annates, to stop a tax to the papacy when taking up a new position
  • Supplication against the Ordinaries accused Bishops of abusing their power
  • Submission of the Clergy - the surrender of the Church’s law
44
Q

What was passed in 1534 to establish royal supremacy?

A
  • Act of Succession - Anne’s children
  • Act of Supremacy - King declared Supreme Head of the Church in England
  • Treason Act - Treaonsbale to call Henry a heretic, brought down Thomas More
  • Act in Restraint of Annates - allowed the Annates which had been restrained since 1532 to be transferred from going to the Pope to the King
45
Q

What did the First and Seconf Suppression acts do and when were they?

A

1536 and 1541
They dissolved the monastries

46
Q

What type of approach did Cromwell have to government?

A

A more ‘modern’ approach which involved more bureacracy, creating departments and procedures for different areas

47
Q

What are two courts that Cromwell created?

A

The Court of Augmentations and the Court of First Fruits and Tenths
Both were used to manage Henry VIII’s income from the Church

48
Q

How did Cromwell change the Privy Council?

A

He reduced it to 20 men who took responsibility for the business of government

49
Q

Which marriages did Cromwell negotiate for Henry VIII?

A

Jane Seymour and then Anne of Cleves

50
Q

How was government run in Henry’s last years/

A

A revived form of concillar government dominated by conservatives who wanted to halt further religious change such as Gardiner and Wriothesley

51
Q

What started to intensify as Henry VIII’s health started to detiorate?

A

Factionalism between differing reliogus and political views

52
Q

Where did Henry VII invade in 1542?

A

Scotland, it borught success for the English at the Battle of Solway Moss, James V died but England were unable to launch a full invasion

53
Q

What was one of the reasons for the rough wooing of Scotland?

A

Henry’s son Edward was betrothed to Mary, Queen of Scots but the Scots refused to ratify the treaty

54
Q

What success did Henry VIII have in foreign policy in 1544?

A

He invaded France in alliance with Charles V and captured Boulogne as the leader of a large army

55
Q

What were the consequences of Henry VIII’s late foreign policy?

A

He had paid a high literal price for his pursuit of glory, being unable to afford the war from extraordinary revenue, he sold much of the Crown estate, borrowed large sums and debased the coinage

56
Q
A

History - The Tudors (7 decks)

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