last min

Question 1

Motion Gating:

Cardiac

Answer 1

MR- compatible ECG leads
Acquire at some part of the diastole-systole cycle
Set a threshold level so it knows when to acquire
Set a delay so it knows which part of cycle to take

Question 2

Motion Gating:

Respiration

Answer 2

Set acquisition to acquire either at inspiration/expiration

set a threshold so it knows when to acquire

Question 3

Acoustic Window?

Answer 3

A structure / anatomical configuration that allows deeper anatomy to be visualised by ultrasound
causes little attenuation of the beam

Question 4

Acoustic Window examples:

Answer 4

-Full urinary bladder for: uterus and ovaries, prostate gland
-liquid filled stomach for: pancreas - water displaces gas and adjacent bowel to allow visualisation
-liver and spleen - to view the kidney and adrenal glands
-Amniotic fluid - for foetus
-aqueous and vitreous humour - eye structures
anatomical structure:
-intercostal spaces / sternal notch - allows beam to access heart
-fontanelles of neonatal heads - allows sound to pass down to the brain structures though the bone free fontenelle

Question 5

Inter-fraction motion

Answer 5

Motion between fractions
Soft tissue shifts relative to bones
Bladder / bowel prep

Question 6

Intra-fraction motion

Answer 6

motion during fraction delivery
Voluntary patient motion - Wriggling, Scratching
Involuntary patient motion - Cough, Sneeze, respiration, cardiac motion, swallowing

make patient calm / comfortable

Question 7

Patient prep

Answer 7

immobilisation devices
Bowel / Bladder prep
Compression techniques
Education and compliance

Question 8

Inter-fractional management

Answer 8

kV imaging

Fiducial markers

Question 9

Intra-fractional management

Answer 9

Gating Techniques
Beam on only when target is at desired position
Breath hold
Tracking techniques
Treatment follows target throughout the cycle