Last final test Flashcards
What is Bureaucracy?
Is the name given to an organization that is structured hierarchically to carry out specific functions. Anything can be be bureaucracy. Government bureaucracy don’t make money.
How tiny was the government on 1789?
Three departments state(with nine employees), war(with two employees), and Treasury( with thirty-nine employees)–and the Office of the Attorney General (which later became the Department of Justice)
How tiny was the government on 1798?
Still small 7 clerks and spent a total of $500(about $10,500 in 2018 dollars) on stationery and printing, an appropriations act allocated $1.4 million, or$29.4 million in 2018 dollars, to the war department.
What is the government Employment today?
1.3 million military service members, but including employees of Congress, the courts, and the U.S Postal Service, the federal bureaucracy includes approximately 2.8 million employees.
What happen in 1960?
Only occurred in state and local levels, if all government employees are included, more than 15 percent of civilian employment is accounted for by the government.
What happen in 1980?
(republican) Ronald Regan was elected president. Under Reagan, government employment actually fell, in large part because of the elimination of revenue sharing, a program through which the federal government transferred large sums to state and local government. It slow down the trajectory.
What was the equivalent spending of 1929?
11 percent of the nation’s gross domestic product(GDP). For fiscal year 2017, it was 36.5 percent.
Started spending more due to the great Recession that started December 2007. Fall of federal revenue, increase the budget deficit.
2009 it was 1.400 billion(10) GDP in 2017 it was $325 billion or 2.6 percent.
Social security
40 percent of all federal spending goes to two program that benefit older Americans- Social Security and Medicare.
Another programs for low income reach out social spending 60 percent mark.
Medicaid , a joint federal program is the largest . Also, include the Children’s health insurance Program( CHIP) and the Supplementary Nutrition assistance program( SNAP).
Temporary Assistance for the Needy Families (TANF)–accounts for only 0.4 percent of the budget($17 billion) and is buried in the “Miscellaneous low-income support” slice.
What is the defense and All the Rest?
Military and veteran’s benefits are almost 20 percent of the whole.
Interest payments on the national debt are above 7 percent.
All other functions amount 13 percent on the budget.
Foreign aid, which is included in the “everything else” slice, is 1.4 percent, or $59 billion
Where does the government get its taxes?
Personal income tax provides the largest share of federal revenues, about 43 percent.
Revenues from social security trust funds is about 20 percent.
About 12 percent is borrowed externally-this pie slice represent the sale of new U.S debt obligations, such as bonds
What does the executive branch do?
1) cabinet departments
2) Independent executive agencies
3) independent regulatory agencies
4) government corporations
How many are cabinet departments?
15, also called line organizations.
Directly accountable to the president and are responsible for performing government functions, such as printing money and trading troops.
created when department needed.
The first department to be created was state, and the most recent has been Homeland Security(2003).
Each department is headed by secretary( except for justice headed by general). Each department also has several levels of undersecretaries assistant secretaries and other personnel.
Do cabinet departments always listen?
No, they have permanent employees that resist change.
What are independent executive agencies?
Are not directly located in the department, but report to the president. Appoints their chief officials.
Created congress decides where it will located in the bureaucracy. President have asked to be independent or kept separate rather than add existing department. Department hostile to the agency creation.
What are independent regulatory agencies?
Responsible for a specific type of public policy. Earlier was intestate commerce commission(ICC), established in 1887.(growing business and industrial sector).
Technical, nonpolitical decisions about rates, profits, and rules that would be for the benefit of all and that did nor require congressional legislation.
Later the federal communications commission, the nuclear regulatory commission. The icc abolished in the 1995.
What was the purpose and nature of regulatory agencies?
They cannot do all the complex work. Regulatory agencies and commissions combine some functions of all three branches of government-legislative, executive and judicial.
They are legislative in that they make rules that have the force of law.
They are executive in that they provide for the enforcement of those rules.
They are judicial in that they decide disputes involving the rules they made:
Heads of regulatory agencies and members of agency boards or commissions are appointed by the president with the consent of the senate, they do not report to the president.
What was the purpose and nature of regulatory agencies? continue
When an agency is headed by board rather than an individual, the members of the board cannot by law, be all from the same political party.
President can choose someone when the chair is vacant.
Can be removed by the laws that create the agency.
What is Agency capture?
They say that the regulatory agencies that are independent have been capture by the very industries and firms that they were supposed to regulate and therefore make decisions based on the interest of the industry, not the general public.
What happen during the presidency of jimmy Carter, ronal Regan?
significant deregulation
Appointed a chairperson of the civil aeronautic board who gradually eliminated regulation of airline fares and routes.
George H.W bush calls for many business increased and several new regulatory acts were passed. Protect the environment.
Bill Clinton eliminated the intestate commerce commission, and the banking and telecommunications industries.
What were the regulations of today?
We hate regulations, however Gulf of Mexico in April 2010, citizens of all agency at the time,” the mineral management service” fail to do their job.
What is government corporations?
Private has shareholders(stake holders), eco, make profit pay taxes, provides them as dividends or plows the profit back to the corporation to make investment.
A government agency has board of directors and managers. U.S postal service, and the passenger railways service.
Bankruptcy what is it?
Asks federal judge for relief from its creadedors.
When bank fails it has a federal deposit insurance corporation.
What Is Government ownership of private enterprise?
Government sponsored that sells everything to private investors. Federal Home loan Mortgage corporation, known as Freddie Mac and the federal national mortgage association, commonly known as fancies mae.
profits go to U.S treasury.
What are the two categories of executive branch employees.
Political appointees and civil servants.
Can make political appointments to most of top jobs in the federal bereucracy, put ambassadors. They are called policy and supporting positions government printing office.
What is the aristocracy of the Federal Government?
Political appointees leave their jobs before. Very difficult to fire civilians, o.1 fired for incompetence. Can Appel and take months, and years.
Federal government in 1789 what happened?
Were all federalist, he fired more than 100 official set his own party. Public servant stayed no matter what.
