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Question 1

What are four possible approaches to tumour immunotherapy?

Answer 1

Cancer vaccination – immunisation to stimulate natural anti-cancer responses (image is shown for personilised and for therapeutic cancer vaccination: Patient’s own WBC are treated with a fusion protein between prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and the cytokine GM-CSF.Stimulates DC maturation and enhances PAP-specific T cell responses)

Genetic modification of T cells to express a receptor capable of recognising the tumour – these are then inserted back into the patient so that the T cells can kill the tumour cells _Blockade of molecules that inhibit T cell response_s(

Targets CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways:

•CTLA-4 is expressed on activated and regulatory T cells, binds to CD80/86 (costimulatory molecules on APC) and the other has been spoken about)

CAR:

Patient’s own WBC are treated with a fusion protein between prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and the cytokine GM-CSFStimulates DC maturation and enhances PAP-specific T cell responses