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Apologetics Test > Last > Flashcards

Last Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of ethics

A

The field of study that deals with discovering what is morally right and wrong

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2
Q

Core understanding of naturalistic view

A

Every atheistic view of ethics rejects the possibility of having an absolute standard

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3
Q

Position of Utilitarianism

A

Long-range consequences determine what is right and what is wrong

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4
Q

Two proponents of Utilitarianism and the difference

A

Jeremy Bentlem : pleasures are equal and the best choice

John Stuart mill: certain satisfactions (intellect and sophistication) are greater than fleshly desires

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5
Q

What is ethical relativism and who is a proponent

A

John Paul stare. No right or wrong/absolute. What I decide is right

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6
Q

What is conventialism and what other name does it go by.

A

Cultural relativism

Right and wrong are determined by culture

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7
Q

What is the definition of a theistic view

A

Flows from God, absolute law, foundation of ethics

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8
Q

What is absolutism and who is a proponent of it

A

There are absolute laws that should never be broken in any situation
St. Augustine

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9
Q

What is conflicting absolutism and what verse supports it

A

Lesser of two evils

1 Corinthians 10:13

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10
Q

Graded absolutism

A

Choose the greater good

Ezra 10

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11
Q

How does hardy compare the ethical views with the difference theories of truth

A

Naturalistic: no ethics
Others: ethics

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12
Q

According to Schaefer, what is the problem with being finite, who does he quote and what is the quote

A

There is no sufficient point of integration in himself. Sartre. “No infinite reference point/everything is meaningless”

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13
Q

In regard to morals, if there is an impersonal beginning what are two consequences

A

Morals disappear: morals and ontology are one

There is no ultimate fulfillment in the universe

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14
Q

What does Schaefer mean by his term “‘moral motions”

A

The sense that things are right and wrong

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15
Q

Why is the problem with Hindu paneverythingism

A

Nobility and cruelties are of equal value

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16
Q

According to Schaefer, relativism is based on what sort of process? Why does he suggest that this is a relevant mechanism for cultural values and morality?

A

A statistical process

Majority rules

17
Q

Schaefer discussion concerning the continuity snd discontinuitt of humankind is crucial in his argument for a good God. What are at least two important results is there discontinuity

A

1) man is cruel without God being a bad God

2) there is a hope of a solution for this moral problem.

18
Q

What does Lund believe that even by nature intrinsically wrong?

A

No bc value has no value apart from an evaluator

19
Q

According to the text, values ew contingent upon what.

A

Existence of a conscious being with feelings, concerns, desires, and purposes

20
Q

In addition to contingency which makes possible values, what is required for there to be moral/immoral behavior

A

A 2nd individual w the properties of the first individual

21
Q

What is the difference between subjectivism and value objectivism

A

Subjectivism: a contribution of the subject of the experience, not found in the object itself.
Objectivism: value statements do describe the objects to which they refer

22
Q

When does a personal value become an aspect of morality

A

When you apply your preferences As a standard to which others ought to follow

23
Q

How is Utilitarianism define

A

Every morally relevant action whether of a private individual or a governing body ought to be such as to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest # of people

24
Q

Utilitarianism is what kind of theory

A

Consequentialist theory

25
Q

How is Kants Dentological theory defined. Why is this theory opposite to Utilitarianism

A

Rejection of consequentialist theory; the only thing that is good without qualification is a good will. People have intrinsic voice

26
Q

What are some glaring weaknesses of Utilitarianism

A

Bc it puts emphasis on the greatest good for the greatest number, the happiness, liberty of the minority is sacrificed for the majority cite: slavery

27
Q

According to Lund, is religion essential for the establishment of a foundation for morality

A

No

28
Q

What is a substitute for God if morality has an alternative foundation

A

Other people (humanism)

29
Q

According to Lund, what is the summation to synthesize Utilitarianism and Deontological theory

A

Generally, decisions of morality should be based on consequences with the overriding principle being the value/moral rights of others

30
Q

While the relativist position is said to be strong, what are two problems with accepting a society’s moral norms?

A

Societies have engaged in certain practices that were morally wrong (according to who is the question
2) by grounding morality in preference; there is no higher court of appeal

31
Q

What are some of the issues raised regarding the case that people should be moral

A

1) by being moral people get something else they value (religion = heaven etc)
2 . We should be moral out of love for God, nor personal gain.

32
Q

What is Stace’s definition of relativism

A

Any ethical position which denies that there is a moral standard which is equally applicable to all people at all times.

33
Q

Two definitions regarding standards

A

1) what people think is right

2) what is right is distinct from what people think

34
Q

According to Maclver, what is a glaring weakness of the golden rule

A

It does not solve ethical problems but only offers an approach. It doesn’t prescribe our treatment of others but only the spirit in which they should be treated

35
Q

What is the unselfishness trap

A

The belief that you must put the happiness of others before yourself

36
Q

According to Maclver morality must be situated where?

A

In the individual’s own values

37
Q

What is the definition of the Morality Trap

A

The belief you must obey a moral code created by someone else

38
Q

Three different kinds of morality

A

Personal: act in a way that brings consequences to you
Universal: code of conduct that is supposed to bring happiness to those who use it
Absolute: a set of rules to which an individual is expected to surrender his own happiness

Apologetics Test (1 decks)

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