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physical agents > laser and light therapy > Flashcards

laser and light therapy Flashcards

1
Q

what is monochromatic, coherent, and directional?

A

laser

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2
Q

what is polychromatic?

A

LED

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3
Q

what wave type requires clustering to reach an effective state due to its superficial and diffuse light?

A

LED

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4
Q

what is described as coherent?

A

laser

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5
Q

what is described as noncoherent?

A

LED

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6
Q

what two things is light categorized by?

A

frequency and wavelength

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7
Q

what will break molecular bonds?

A

high frequency light

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8
Q

what are the types of low frequency light?

A

UV radiation
infrared radiation (superficial heat)
short/microwave (deep heating)

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9
Q

what are the two types of emissions?

A

gas
photodiode

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10
Q

what are the two types of light sources?

A

glass tubes
diodes

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11
Q

what are the subtypes of diodes?

A

LEDs
SLDs
Lasers

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12
Q

polychromatic and spread out wide

A

LEDs

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13
Q

not truly polychromatic but the light spread less than what an LED wound

A

SLDs

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14
Q

most penetrating light source, monochromatic wave

A

laser

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15
Q

what are the types of thermal lasers and lights?

A

UV, low level pulsed, diathermy

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16
Q

what are the types of nonthermal lasers and light?

A

UV
low level non thermal
diathermy US

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17
Q

what are the phyisological responses of lasers and lights?

A
  1. promote ATP production (by 70%)
  2. modulate inflammation
  3. inhibit bacterial growth
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18
Q

what are the CIs for lasers and light?

A

soft tissue healing
bone healing
RA
lymphedema
neuro
pain management

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19
Q

what are the mW for
- LED
- SLD
- Laser

A
  • 1-5
  • 5-35
  • 5-500
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20
Q

stimulator, acute, superficial

A

low energy density

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21
Q

suppressive, chronic, deep

A

high energy density

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22
Q

what two things is vibration characterized by?

A

frequency and amplitude

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23
Q

what type of vibration is sinusoidal?

A

constant and non random

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24
Q

what are the types of non random vibration?

A

side - side
rotational
vertical

25
Q

what are the parameters for sinusoidal vibration?

A

20-60 Hz
2-5 amps

26
Q

what are the parameters for stochastic vibration?

A

1-12 Hz
3-6 amps

27
Q

what type of vibration is stochastic?

A

random

28
Q

what are the 6 biophysical effects of vibration?

A

sensory
neuromuscular
osteogenic
cardiovascular
hormonal
pain threshold

29
Q

what are the sensory responses for:
Merkel discs
Meissner corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles

A

5-15
20-50
60-400

30
Q

describe the neuromuscular response to vibration?

A

vibration elicits a tonic muscle reflex which causes the muscle to relax at the muscle tendon junction via primary 1A afferents in the muscle spindle

31
Q

describe the hormonal response to vibration?

A

increased GH, NE, testosterone, cortisol
(increased weight bearing ability)

32
Q

a mechanical stimulus characterized by oscillatory motion delivered to the entire body; a way to have systemic effects over only local

A

whole boy vibration

33
Q

what are the biophysical responses to whole body vibration?

A

sensory function
pain relief
muscle strength/power
flexibility
balance
mobility
bone and cardio health

34
Q

what disease types have been found to benefit from whole body vibration?

A

LBP
OA
fibromyalgia
chronic Achilles issues
general muscle pain

35
Q

what are the parameters for improved muscle strength and power via whole body vibration?

A
  • better in acute
  • dynamic > static ex.
  • Higher frequencies (30+)
  • Higher amplitudes (3+)
  • Longer durations (10min+)
  • -Long treatment time frame (12 weeks)

treatment: 30Hx, 3 amps, 10 mins, 12 weeks

36
Q

what vibration direction is best for balance and moblity?

A

side-side
(sinusoidal)

37
Q

what population is best suited for WBV?

A

those limited in higher level activities or are frail (neuro/stroke/ Parkinson’s)

38
Q

parameters for WBV for balance:

A
  • side - side vibration
  • bent knees***
  • 20 Hz
  • 1 amp
39
Q

parameters for WBV for pain:

A

lower amps

40
Q

parameters for WBV for muscle activation:

A

higher amps

41
Q

parameters for bone health:

A

low mag
high freq (35)
straight knees

42
Q

superficial and diffuse light, low power thus cluster to reach effective state

A

LEDs

43
Q

less diffuse and of narrow wavelength, higher power, superficial and moderately deep areas depending on wavelength

A

SLDs

44
Q

single wavelength that is very concentrated, small areas, most light deepest to a focused area of tissue

A

lasers

45
Q

clinical indications for shockwave therapy:

A

chronic MSK inflammatory conditions
(PF, RC tendonitis), but also chronic wounds, delayed union fractures, calcific tendonitis, bursitis

46
Q

what are the 3 physiological effects of SWT?

A
  • decreased inflammation
  • decreased pain
  • stimulation of growth and collagen factors
47
Q

describe shock waves

A

asymmetrical, high amp, short duration sound waves (10 micro seconds, high compressive phase: 100-1000 bars)

48
Q

focused SWT

A

Rapid rise and short duration (<10ns)
Depth: 2-4 inches
Less uncomfortable that rESWT
Class II device due to higher energy and has moderate risk

49
Q

radial SWT

A

Also known as → pressure waves
Less expensive and more widely available
Slower rise and longer duration (0.2-0.5 ms)
Depth: ⅛ to 1 inch
Class I

50
Q

what type of shock wave therapy treats
- deep tissues:
- SF tissues:

A

deep - focused
SF - radial

51
Q

total energy flux:
low
medium
high

A

low = <0.1
med = 0.1-0.25
high = 0.26-0.60

52
Q

peak pressure, bars

A

2-4

53
Q

shock frequency

A

8-15 Hz

54
Q

total shock number/ session

A

500-2500 / session

55
Q

treatment time for shockwave therapy

A

few minutes

56
Q

treatment time for US

A

5-10 mins

57
Q

treatment time for ionto:

A

45-60 mins

58
Q

what are the biophysical effects of shockwave therapy and clinical implications?

A
  • cavitation
  • altering cell activities
  • mechanical stim

physical agents (1 decks)

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