las que no me se Flashcards
A set of stimuli that share a common relationship. evoke the same operant behavior, or elicit the same respondent behavior.
antecedent stimulus class
A contingency in which an antecedent stimulus and the consequence for the behavior is presented by another person
socially mediated contingencies
Any stimulus made functional for the target behavior in the instructional setting that later prompts or aids the learner in performing the target behavior in a generalization setting.
CONTRIVED MEDIATING STIMULUS
A procedure for transferring stimulus control for contrived response prompts to naturally existing stimuli by increasing the duration of a delay from the initial SF to response prompts
Constant time delay
the condition in which two or more related stimuli elicit the same response. Stimuli meet the mathematical definition of equivalence if they can be shown to exhibit reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity.
Stimulus equivalence
A reduction in the rate of a target behavior and an increase in emotional behavior resulting from an increase in the ratio of behavior to reinforcement.
ratio strain
is a rule stating which instances of behavior, if any, will be reinforced. … Combinations of these four descriptors yield four kinds of partial reinforcement schedules: fixed-ratio, fixed-interval, variable-ratio and variable-interval.
schedule of reinforcement
refers to the amount of responding by an individual after reinforcement has been removed.
Resistance to extinction
a graph marking the similarity or difference between two stimuli versus the similarity or difference in their elicited responses. In general, the more similar two stimuli, the more similar the responses
Stimulus generalization Gradient
a schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on a response being different in some specified way from the previous response or a specified number of previous responses
Lag schedule
Any contingency of reinforcement (or punishment) designed and implemented by a behavior analyst or practitioner to achieve the acquisition, maintenance, and/or generalization of a targeted behavior change.
contrived contingency
A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus.
Stimulus control
Any contingency of reinforcement (or punishment) that operates independent of the behavior analyst’s or practitioner’s efforts; includes socially mediated contingencies contrived by other people and already in effect
Natural existing contingency
A contingency in which responses at any time during an interval prior to the scheduled onset of an aversive stimulus delays the presentation of the aversive stimulus
Free Operant Avoidance
A condition in which the range of discriminative stimuli, or stimulus features controlling behavior, is extremely limited; often interferes with learning.
overselective stimulus control
Performance in a match-to-sample procedure in which discrimination between the comparison stimuli is conditional on, or depends on, the sample stimulus present on each trial.
conditional discrimination
a match-to-sample procedure in which not only is the correct comparison choice conditional on the sample stimulus, but the type of consequence delivered is too
class-specific reinforcement
responding indicating a relation (same, opposite, different, better, etc.) between 2 or more stimuli that emerges as an indirect function of related instruction or experience
derived stimulus relations
stimulus relations that are not taught directly but emerge as an indirect function of related instruction or experience
emergent stimulus relations
an arrangement in which types of stimulus equivalence probes are introduced sequentially, beginning with symmetry, followed by transivity (if relevant), and then combined tests for equivalence
simple-to-complex testing protocol
dimensions of procedural arrangements when teaching multiple conditional discriminations
training structure
The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement; rates of responding are distributed in proportions that match the rates of reinforcement for each choice alternative
Matching Law
A schedule that systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the individual’s behavior
Progressive Schedule
Changing a contingency of reinforcement by gradually increasing the response ratio or the extent of the time interval; results in a lower rate of reinforcement per responses and/or time
Schedule thinning
A group of stimuli that may vary in
physical dimensions but have a
common effect on behavior
STIMULUS CLASS
An antecedent stimulus that affects
the value of a reinforcer
MO motivating operator
events that motivate behavior
stimulus events
A contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus
Avoidance Contigency
contingency in which a response terminates an ongoing stimulus
Scape Contigency
description of behavior with
respect to its controlling variables
(stimulus events responsible for
behavior)
FUNCTIONAL RELATION
Assumes that covert events
(thoughts and feelings) are not
within the realm of science
METHODOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM
Group the share the same funtion
response class
The phenomenon in which a change in one component of multiple schedules that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component is accompanied by a change in rate in the opposite direction on the unaltered component
Behavioral Contrast
Behavior that occurs as collateral effect of a schedule of periodic reinforcement for other behavior.
Adjunctive Behaviors
A schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements of two or more schedules must be met in specific sequence before reinforcement delivered; SD associated with each component
Chained Schedule (Chain
A contingency in which responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer
Discriminated Avoidance
A branch of behavior analysis that
focuses on the scientific study of
basic behavioral processes
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR
EAB
A scientific approach to the study
of behavior, emphasizing the role
of the environment
Behavior Analysis
A probe for the emergence of untrained stimulus- stimulus relations that evaluates both symmetry and transitivity simultaneously
Equivalence test
the emergence of accurate responding to untrained and non-reinforced stimulus- stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus-stimulus relations
Stimulus Equivalence
Stimulus relations that are not taught directly but emerge as an indirect function of related instruction or experience
Emergent stimulus relations
behavior defined in terms of general relations between antecedence in responses rather than in terms of specific stimuli and responses examples include generalized imitation, manding, and naming
Higher order operant class
A discrete trial procedure for investigating conditional relations and stimulus equivalence.
Matching to sample
responding is under stimulus control of a single antecedent stimulus condition; Described by the three-term contingency SD—response– reinforcement
Simple discrimination
A stimulus set that must be held in common across a minimum of two conditional discriminations to provide a basis for all equivalence properties
Nodal stimulus
refers to two different forms of stimulus control that can result from a match to sample procedure involving 1 sample stimulus and two comparison stimuli
Stimulus control topographies
the emergence of accurate responding to untrained and non-reinforced stimulus-stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus-stimulus relations
Stimulus equivalence
Interrelated contingencies of reinforcement that produce substantial and long lasting behavior change. Consist of the following: A) Baited with high level reinforcers, B) low effort response needed to enter trap C) once inside contingencies encourage cont. performance D) remain effective bc diminished satiation effects.
Behavior Trap
Any measurement of a learners performance of a target behavior in a setting or stimulus situation in which direct training was not provided
Generalization Probe
A stimulus (SDp) in the presence of which a behavior has been punished and in the absence of which that behavior has not been punished; bx now occurs less in the presence of the SDp
Discriminative stimulus for punishment
A procedural variation of response blocking that involves interrupting stereotypic behavior at its onset and redirecting the individual to complete high probability behaviors instead.
Response interruption and redirection (RIRD)
Antecedent stimuli that evoke the same response but do not resemble each other in physical form or share a relational aspect
Arbitrary stimulus class
A stimulus class whose members share a common set of features
Concept
The conventional procedure requires one behavior and two antecedent stimulus conditions. Responses are reinforced in the presence of one stimulus condition, the SD, but not in the presence of the other stimulus, S^.
Stimulus discrimination training
A procedure for transferring stimulus control that starts with simultaneous presentation of the stimulus and the prompt. The time delay is gradually and systematically extended.
Progressive time delay
A method of transferring stimulus control that involves highlighting a physical dimension of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a correct response and then diminishing that exaggeration over time
Stimulus fading
When one stimulus(SD) signals the availability of reinforcement and the absence of that stimulus (S^) signals a zero or reduced chance of reinforcement. Responses occur more often in the presence of the SD.
Stimulus Discrimination
Phenomenon in which diverse and novel forms of behavior are sometimes observed during the extinction process.
New behaviors can be emitted by the organism during an extinction procedure in an attempt to contact reinforcement.
extinction-induced variability
Prompts that operate directly on the antecedent task stimuli to cue correct responses in conjunction with the critical SD.
Stimulus prompts
refers to the extent to which a learner continues to perform a behavior after a portion or all of the intervention responsible for the initial change in behavior has been removed.
Response maintenance
